Increased SIRT3 combined with PARP inhibition rescues motor function of SBMA mice.

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disease with substantial mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions. SBMA is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the androgen receptor (AR). Activating or increasing the NAD-dependent deacetylase, SIRT3, reduced oxidative stress and death of cells modeling SBMA.

[Ultrasonographic study of detrusor thickness in patients with obstruction].

The diagnostic work up of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia is not always useful for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction, especially if they are compared with pressure-flow studies. The authors make a review of the literature and a clinical study to demonstrate that alternative less invasive methods (ultrasound estimated bladder weight) can often replace pressure/flow studies.

[Management of sexual disorders in the diabetic patient. Considerations on diagnosis and therapy based on current pathogenetic and physiopathologic knowledge].

The sexual disorders in the diabetic males are quite frequent, particularly the erectil failures, which involve about 50% of these subjects. After a brief epidemiological note, the Authors review the recent advances about the pathogenesis of such a disturbance in the International Literature: values and limitations of up-to-date diagnostic examinations as well as therapeutic options are critically considered. From the diagnostic point of view the progress of the techniques involved both in the study of penile microcirculation and in the neurophysiopathology of the pelvic autonomic nervous system must be emphasized.

[Vesico-urethral and entero-urethral anastomosis: anatomo-surgical considerations and technical note].

Following radical prostatectomy or radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal bladder (in male patients), the cervico-urethral or entero-urethral anastomosis are at high risk for urinary stress incontinence, due to the shortening of the urethral functional length as well as "unavoidable downward fall" of the perineum after sectioning of the anterior portion of the sacro-pubic ligaments. That descensus of the perineum, if uncorrected, might cause a functional extraabdominal positioning of the residual functional urethra; this feature is close similar to one of the most important pathogenetic factors of genuine stress incontinence in the female. In order to correct that perineal fall is advisable to perform the so-called "secondary sphincter" (after Rocca Rossetti, 1982) by suturing with the same stitches not only the anastomotic edges but the medial part of the levator ani (i.

[Radical prostatectomy: role of ultrasonography in the follow-up].

After a brief summary about surgical technique of radical prostatectomy and its indications in the different stages of prostatic cancer, the Authors describe complications and surgical sequelae of this operation. The Authors report a brief series. It is composed with 13 patients.

Immunophenotypic characterization of the bladder mucosa infiltrating lymphocytes after intravesical BCG treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma.

The lymphocytes infiltrating the bladder mucosa of 28 patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for superficial bladder carcinoma were characterized using an immunohistochemical technique on frozen sections of biopsy specimens obtained during cystoscopy. The inflammatory response induced by BCG consisted mainly of T lymphocytes (CD3+), most of which had the helper/inducer phenotype (CD4+), with a CD4/CD8 ratio greater than 1. A minor subset of lymphocytes were of B phenotype (CD22+).

[Mono-symptomatic hematuria: first symptom of metastatic pulmonary carcinoma].

The occurrence of secondary bladder neoplasms is very uncommon, especially when the bladder is the only site of metastasis. The Authors report on one case of bladder metastasis from primary small cell carcinoma of the lung.

[Extrinsic ureteral endometriosis: description of a case].

After a brief review about pathogenetic hypothesis of the endometriosis of the ureter, the Authors describe a case occurred to their observation. Diagnostic problems and choice in treatment (especially partial ureterectomy, end-to-end ureteral anastomosis and omentoplasty) are discussed.

[Inverted papilloma associated with transitional cell carcinoma in the upper urinary tract: report of one case and review of the literature].

Inverted papilloma of the pelvis and the ureter is a rather uncommon (only 40 cases in the relevant literature) benign epithelial tumor, occasionally harboring foci of malignancy. Since it does not metastasize, a conservative treatment is advisable, but a strict follow up is always required. The Authors report a case of inverted papilloma of the ureter near which an area of transitional carcinoma was discovered.

[Cystic nephroma: report of two cases and review of literature].

Cystic nephroma is an uncommon lesion, whose etiology and pathogenesis is still debated: some Authors designate it as being of neoplastic origin, other ones of dysplastic or hamartomous origin. Also epidemiology makes difficult its pathogenetic interpretation, as being especially affected children under age of fourth year and adults within the 5th and 6th decade. The Authors report two cases of cystic nephroma examined in two female patients 30 and 74 aged.

Correlation between liver cirrhosis and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a morphological study.

In elderly males hormonal changes occur, that are believed to cause benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). These are decreased testosterone production, an increased testosterone SHBG and a slightly increased estradiol production. Liver cirrhosis in males causes similar endocrine changes.

Human myelogenous (Ph+) leukemia cell line: transplantation into athymic mice.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells from line K-562, containing the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome, were transplanted into nude mice and grew as solid vascularized tumors containing cells like those seen in the patient and in the cultures. Cells taken from the tumors were near triphoid and retained all human chromosome markers in culture.