Combining In Vivo Two-Photon and Laser Speckle Microscopy With the Ex Vivo Capillary-Parenchymal Arteriole Preparation as a Novel Approach to Study Neurovascular Coupling.

Objective: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) decline is increasingly recognized as an area of importance for targeting neurodegenerative disorders, yet full understanding of the mechanisms that underlie CBF changes are lacking. Animal models are crucial for expanding our knowledge as methods for studying global CBF and neurovascular coupling in humans are limited and require expensive specialized scanners.

Methods: Use of appropriate animal models can increase our understanding of cerebrovascular function, so we have combined chronic cranial windows with in vivo two-photon and laser speckle microscopy and ex vivo capillary-parenchymal arteriole (CaPA) preparations.

Cardiovascular comorbidities, inflammation, and cerebral small vessel disease.

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment and affects all levels of the brain's vasculature. Features include diverse structural and functional changes affecting small arteries and capillaries that lead to a decline in cerebral perfusion. Due to an ageing population, incidence of cSVD is continually rising.

Sessile and mobile components of a benthic ecosystem display mixed trends within a temperate marine reserve.

Despite recent efforts to increase the global coverage of marine protected areas (MPAs), studies investigating the effectiveness of marine protected areas within temperate waters remain scarce. Furthermore, out of the few studies published on MPAs in temperate waters, the majority focus on specific ecological or fishery components rather than investigating the ecosystem as a whole. This study therefore investigated the dynamics of both benthic communities and fish populations within a recently established, fully protected marine reserve in Lamlash Bay, Isle of Arran, United Kingdom, over a four year period.