Geographic distribution and demographic factors associated with use of a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) in Ethiopia.

Background: Increasing access to and utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) can prevent unintended pregnancies and reduce unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia However, LARC uptake lags behind less effective contraceptive methods. This study aimed to analyze the geographical distribution and demographic factors associated to LARC uptake.

Methods: The 2019 Performance Monitoring For Action Ethiopia (PMA Ethiopia) survey data was used.

Census Tract-Level Social Vulnerability and Gonorrhea Rates in Central Ohio: Results From the STD Surveillance Network, 2020-2021.

Background: Gonorrhea remains a significant burden in central Ohio, particularly in socially disadvantaged communities. This study evaluates gonorrhea case rates and changes from 2020 to 2021, focusing on geographic patterns associated with social vulnerability.

Methods: We analyzed gonorrhea case data from the Columbus STD Surveillance Network for 2020 and 2021.

Depression Symptoms Linked to Multiple Oral Health Outcomes in US Adults.

Background: Individuals with mental illness have poor oral health compared to those without mental health conditions. However, the literature is still lacking regarding the specifics of this relationship.

Objective: This study aims at examining the relationship between depression and oral health problems such as oral conditions, access to dental care, and oral hygiene measures.

Perinatal substance use disorder: Examining the impact on adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: Substance use disorder is a growing concern in the USA, especially among pregnant women. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of substance use disorder on adverse pregnancy outcomes using a nationwide sample of inpatient pregnancy hospitalizations in the USA, and to elucidate the influence on each type of adverse pregnancy outcome.

Study Design: A cross-sectional analysis of inpatient pregnancy hospitalizations in the USA from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2020 was conducted.

No Improvement In Mental Health Treatment Or Patient-Reported Outcomes At Medicare ACOs For Depression And Anxiety Disorders.

Accountable care organizations (ACOs) have become Medicare's dominant care model because policy makers believe that ACOs will improve the quality and efficiency of care for chronic conditions. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and undertreated chronic mental health conditions in Medicare. Yet it is unknown whether ACOs influence treatment and outcomes for these conditions.

Comparative effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: emulation of a randomised target trial using electronic health records.

Background: Randomised clinical trials showed that compared with placebo, SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The evidence base for the older antihyperglycaemic drug classes (DPP-4 inhibitors and sulfonylureas) is generally less well developed. Because most randomised trials evaluated one antihyperglycaemic medication versus placebo, a head-to-head comparative effectiveness analysis of the newer drug classes (SGLT2 inhibitors vs GLP-1 receptor agonists) or newer (SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists) versus older (DPP-4 inhibitors or sulfonylureas) drug classes on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is not available.

Risk Selection and Care Fragmentation at Medicare Accountable Care Organizations for Patients With Dementia.

Background: Patients with dementia are a growing and vulnerable population within Medicare. Accountable care organizations (ACOs) are becoming Medicare's dominant care model, but ACO enrollment and care patterns for patients with dementia are unknown.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare differences in ACO enrollment for patients with versus without dementia, and in risk profiles and ambulatory care among patients with dementia by ACO enrollment status.

Personal Location as Health-Related Data: Public Knowledge, Public Concern, and Personal Action.

Objectives: Personal health information (PHI), including health status and behaviors, are often associated with personal locations. Smart devices and other technologies routinely collect personal location. Therefore, technologies collecting personal location do not just create generic questions of privacy, but specific concerns related to PHI.

Assessing classroom and laboratory spread of COVID-19 in a university after elimination of physical distancing.

The objective of this study was to assess COVID-19 classroom transmission in the university setting when physical distancing was eliminated. Data was collected in fall 2021 at a private university. Universal masking, robust contact tracing, vaccination requirement, and enforced testing were in place.

Trends in U.S. adolescent physical activity and obesity: A 20-year age-period-cohort analysis.

Background: Adolescent obesity can lead to long-term health problems and is a topic of major concern in pediatric and broader medical and public health spheres. Numerous national and state-wide initiatives aimed at increasing physical activity and/or improving nutrition in this age group have assumed the goal of reducing the prevalence adolescent obesity.

Objectives: We assess trends in U.

Racial disparity in gestational diabetes mellitus and the association with sleep-disordered breathing and smoking cigarettes: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence has risen in the U.S. and worldwide over the past decade.

Barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young adults, aged 18-35.

In the United States (US), an estimated 35,900 human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers are diagnosed annually. HPV vaccines are projected to eliminate ∼90% of these cancers. Routine vaccination is recommended at age 11-12 with "catch-up" vaccination through age 26 and shared clinical decision making for ages 27-45.

The Longitudinal Impact of Maternal Depression and Neighborhood Social Context on Adolescent Mental Health.

Purpose: Maternal depression and neighborhood characteristics are known to be associated both with each other and with adolescent mental health outcomes. These exposures are also subject to change throughout the life of a child. This study sought to identify multi-trajectories of maternal depression (MD) and self-reported neighborhood collective efficacy (NCE) over a 12-year period and determine whether these trajectories are differentially associated with adolescent mental health.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of an automated sepsis predictive tool on patient outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary, hospital-wide program as part of an electronic sepsis alert tool.

Materials And Methods: We used data from 15 hospitals about adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Nine intervention hospitals implemented an Epic sepsis prediction tool, education, and standardized order sets (six control hospitals did not).

Water availability drives instream conditions and life-history of an imperiled desert fish: A case study to inform water management.

In arid ecosystems, available water is a critical, yet limited resource for human consumption, agricultural use, and ecosystem processes-highlighting the importance of developing management strategies to meet the needs of multiple users. Here, we evaluated how water availability influences stream thermal regimes and life-history expressions of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) in the arid Truckee River basin in the western United States. We integrated air temperature and stream discharge data to quantify how water availability drives stream temperature during annual spawning and rearing of Lahontan cutthroat trout.

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission to Masked and Unmasked Close Contacts of University Students with COVID-19 - St. Louis, Missouri, January-May 2021.

Universities open for in-person instruction during the 2020-21 academic year implemented a range of prevention strategies to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, including physical distancing, mask use, vaccination, contact tracing, case investigation, and quarantine protocols (1). However, in some academic programs, such as health-related programs, aviation, and kindergarten through grade 12 (K-12) education, maintaining physical distance while still providing instruction is difficult; for universities with such programs, a single confirmed case of COVID-19 could result in a large number of students, staff members, and instructors being designated close contacts and requiring quarantine if they are not fully vaccinated, even if masks were worn when contact occurred. In January 2021, the St.

Differences in effectiveness and use of laparoscopic surgery in locally advanced colon cancer patients.

Patients with locally advanced colon cancer have worse outcomes. Guidelines of various organizations are conflicting about the use of laparoscopic colectomy (LC) in locally advanced colon cancer. We determined whether patient outcomes of LC and open colectomy (OC) for locally advanced (T4) colon cancer are comparable in all colon cancer patients, T4a versus T4b patients, obese versus non-obese patients, and tumors located in the ascending, descending, and transverse colon.

Exploring the Acoustic Perceptual Relationship of Speech in Parkinson's Disease.

Purpose Auditory perceptual judgments are commonly used to diagnose dysarthria and assess treatment progress. The purpose of the study was to examine the acoustic underpinnings of perceptual speech abnormalities in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method Auditory perceptual judgments were obtained from sentences produced by 13 speakers with PD and five healthy older adults.

Age bias in the criteria for antisocial personality disorder.

The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) decreases with age. As such, research regarding ASPD typically focuses on children and younger adults. The apparent age-specific prevalence of ASPD may be due, in part, to diagnostic criteria informed by research excluding older adults.

Prevalence and correlates of antisocial personality disorder in older adults.

Objectives: There is a paucity of research on antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in the geriatric population and the majority of knowledge on the disorder is drawn from young adult samples. Researchers posit that the prevalence of ASPD as well as other personality disorders (PDs) is underestimated among older adults. Using a nationally representative sample, the present study examines the prevalence and correlates of ASPD in adults ages 50 and older.

Willingness to Respond to Radiological Disasters Among First Responders in St. Louis, Missouri.

During radiological disasters, firefighters and emergency medical services personnel are expected to report to work and engage in response activities; however, prior research exploring willingness to respond to radiological disasters among first responders has considered only radiological terrorism scenarios and not nonterrorism radiological scenarios. The goal of this study was to compare willingness to respond to terrorism and nonterrorism radiological disaster scenarios among first responders in St. Louis, Missouri, and to explore determinants of willingness to respond.

Acoustic characteristics in relation to intelligibility reduction in noise for speakers with Parkinson's disease.

Decreased speech intelligibility in noisy environments is frequently observed in speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigated which acoustic characteristics across the speech subsystems contributed to poor intelligibility in noise for speakers with PD. Speech samples were obtained from 13 speakers with PD and five healthy controls reading 56 sentences.

Factors associated with pediatric drowning admissions and outcomes at a trauma center, 2010-2017.

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity in children. Its high fatality rate and frequent severe sequelae (e.g.

Temporal trends in patient characteristics, injury mechanisms and outcomes in pediatric trauma admissions between 2010 and 2017.

Introduction: Injuries are a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in children. Mechanisms of injuries and presentations are diverse in pediatric injuries and require special attention. Dedicated pediatric trauma care centers are ideal for management of children with injuries simultaneously serving as sources of research data.