Spatial characterization of surface water vulnerability to diffuse pollution related to pesticide contamination: case of the Gimone watershed in France.

The preservation of natural resources via the management of diffuse pollution is currently considered to be a significant challenge in France. Pollution reduction policies are notably based on the identification of vulnerable areas. In this context, our work aims to develop a method for characterizing the surface water vulnerability to phytosanitary pollution by implementing an interdisciplinary methodology combining geomatics, environmental science and agronomy.

Induction of acid phosphatase transcripts, protein and enzymatic activity by simulated herbivory of hybrid poplar.

Herbivory and wounding upregulate a large suite of defense genes in hybrid poplar leaves. A strongly wound- and herbivore-induced gene with high similarity to Arabidopsis vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) and acid phosphatase (AP) was identified among genes strongly expressed during the poplar herbivore defense response. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the putative poplar acid phosphatase (PtdAP1) gene is part of an eight-member AP gene family in poplar, and is most closely related to a functionally characterized soybean nodule AP.

[Detraining and retraining after injury in a high-level cyclist].

Objective: To define retraining after injury in a high-level cyclist by taking into account the consequences of detraining.

Method: From three clinical cases and from the analysis of the consequences of detraining, three principles of retraining were determined.

Results: 1.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging, aerobic power, and metabolic parameters among 30 asymptomatic scuba divers.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of cerebral lesions in asymptomatic scuba divers and explain the causes of them: potential risk factors associating cardiovascular risk factors, low aerobic capacity, or characteristics of diving (maximum depth, ascent rate). Experienced scuba divers, over 40 years of age, without any decompression sickness (DCS) history were included. We studied 30 scuba divers (instructors) without any clinical symptoms.

Severe herpes virus (HSV-2) infection in two patients with myelodysplasia and undetectable NK cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the blood.

Background: How the immune system contains herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections is partly understood. T cells from infected persons proliferate in response to HSV antigens in vitro and may control local relapse rather than primary infection. NK cells have been involved in the control of experimental infections.

[An association of paraneoplastic syndromes in a patient].

Background: Erythema gyratum repens is a rare cutaneous marker for internal malignancy and the association with other paraneoplastic syndromes is not unusual.

Case Report: We report the case of a 54 year-old man with a three-month history of erythroderma which evolved into erythema gyratum repens; a bronchial carcinoma was discovered. Erythema gyratum repens was associated with acquired ichthyosis, hyperkeratosis of the ears and eosinophilia.

[Evaluation of systematic pulmonary function testing for asthma in children aged three to five years].

Unlabelled: Pulmonary function testing is not usually done in the preschool child, despite the recent data showing early deterioration in airway function in asthma.

Methods: We evaluated feasibility and clinical interest of flow-volume loop by forced expiratory maneuver and measure of airway resistance by interrupter technique (interrupter resistance), before and after inhalation of salbutamol, in 75 children aged three to five years seen in the ambulatory setting for asthma.

Results: Feasibility rate (92%) and reproducibility rate (91%) of those techniques were good, so that 84% of the cases could be exploited (63 children of 75).

In vivo functional analysis of ezrin during mouse blastocyst formation.

During mouse blastocyst formation, a layer of outer cells differentiates in less than 48 h into a functional epithelium (the trophectoderm). Ezrin, an actin-binding structural component of microvilli in epithelial cells, is also involved in signal transduction and ionic pump control. In the mouse embryo, ezrin becomes restricted to the apical cortex of all blastomeres at compaction and of outer cells at later stages.

[Melanoma in organ transplant patients].

Objective: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has rapidly increased in the white population over the last decades. It has been estimated that the incidence doubles world-wide every 10 years. Different risk factors have been identified, including immunosuppression.

Cyclin synthesis controls the progression of meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes.

To study the mechanisms involved in the progression of meiotic maturation in the mouse, we used oocytes from two strains of mice, CBA/Kw and KE, which differ greatly in the rate at which they undergo meiotic maturation. CBA/Kw oocytes extrude the first polar body about 7 hours after breakdown of the germinal vesicle (GVBD), whilst the oocytes from KE mice take approximately 3-4 hours longer. In both strains, the kinetics of spindle formation are comparable.

[Lichen planus in children: role of the campaign for hepatitis B vaccination].

Introduction: Cutaneous lichen planus in children is a rare entity. To study its specific clinical and therapeutic features, we report on 8 cases seen in 5 years in a pediatric dermatology clinic. In parallel, this study addresses the role of HBV immunization campaigns in childhood lichen planus.

Factors influencing the photo-reproduction of hydroa vacciniforme lesions.

Hydroa vacciniforme vesicles can be reproduced experimentally with repetitive UVA irradiations, but this photo-reproduction is not constant. The aim of this study was to search for the factors that influence photo-reproduction. To reproduce hydroa vacciniforme lesions six patients underwent repetitive UVA and polychromatic irradiations on the back.

Photodermatitis from ketoprofen with cross-reactivity to fenofibrate and benzophenones.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-reactivity between ketoprofen, fenofibrate and benzophenones because of their structural similarities. Seven patients presenting photodermatitis from ketoprofen underwent patch and photopatch tests. Ketoprofen, fenofibrate, benzophenone 3, benzophenone 10, benzophenone 4, personal medications and topical creams were tested.

Skin reactions to hydroxyzine.

Sensitivity to histamine H1-antagonists has mainly been observed with phenothiazine and ethylenediamine, and is very rare with hydroxyzine. We report 3 cases of sensitization to hydroxyzine, which was prescribed to treat urticaria and atopic dermatitis. A generalized maculopapular eruption appeared shortly after taking the drug.

[Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis].

Background: Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECL) involving the scalp and cerebellum was observed without asymptomatic expression.

Case Report: A seven-month-old infant presented with two soft subcutaneous hairless tumors of the scalp without any associated clinical anomaly. Neuroradiology explorations (radiography, CT-scan and MRI) showed a lipoma in the cerebellum linked with a occipital cutaneous lipoma through a bone defect.

Cryotherapy of PUVA lentigines.

PUVA lentigines do not subside after discontinuation of photochemotherapy. Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen was done on a small area in a patient who presented with numerous PUVA lentigines. Five years after this treatment, the PUVA lentigines had not returned.

Ezrin becomes restricted to outer cells following asymmetrical division in the preimplantation mouse embryo.

During preimplantation development in the mouse, two phenotypically distinct cell populations appear at the 16-cell stage: nonpolarized inner cells that give rise to the inner cell mass and polarized outer cells that give rise mainly to the trophectoderm. The divergence of these two cell lineages is due to asymmetrical cell divisions during the transition from the 8- to the 16 cell stage which can occur following blastomere polarization. During compaction, at the 8-cell stage, cytoplasmic organelles accumulate in the apical domain, a surface pole of microvilli forms, and blastomeres flatten onto one another.

Heart rate changes during sleep in normal two-month-old infants.

Thirty-five normal two-month-old infants had nighttime followed by daytime polygraphic recordings. Heart rates were calculated every minute in active and quiet sleep states. A difference in mean heart rates was found between the two states and between the two recordings.

Positive temporal sharp waves in electroencephalograms of the premature newborn.

Positive temporal sharp waves (PTS) were studied in electroencephalograms (EEG) of 92 premature infants born either at 31 and 32 weeks of gestational age, recorded during the first week of life. The infants were assigned either to a reference group (asymptomatic) or to one of three pathologic groups (neonatal asphyxia, hypoglycemia or hypocalcemia, or periventricular leukomalacia with rolandic positive sharp waves). Regardless of the group, no significant differences in PTS criteria (morphology, frequency, amplitude, duration and lateralization) were found between 31- and 32-week infants.

[Maturation of generalized motility, spontaneous during sleep, from birth at term to the age of 6 months].

This work analysed the evolution of generalized motility from normal birth (39 to 40 weeks of gestational age) to six months of age, in 73 healthy infants during sleep, according to age. Sleep polygraphic recordings were performed in the morning; body movements were recorded with piezo-electric accelerometers. Our results showed that the number of movements per sleep hour was higher in active sleep (AS) as compared to quiet sleep (QS) whatever the age although the difference was less important in neonates (P < 0.

Effect of a protein-sparing diet on responses to exercise in obese subjects.

We have studied muscular work efficiency and VO2 peak in seven obese individuals (body mass index: 38.9 +/- 5.8 kg.