Severe obstructive sleep apnea in children with syndromic craniosynostosis: analysis of pulse transit time.

Study Objectives: We examined the association between pulse transit time (PTT) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with syndromic craniosynostosis (SCS), where OSA is a common problem and may cause cardiorespiratory disturbance.

Methods: A retrospective study of children (age < 18 years) with SCS and moderate-to-severe OSA (ie, obstructive apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5) or no OSA (obstructive apnea-hypopnea index < 1) who underwent overnight polysomnography. Children without SCS and normal polysomnography were included as controls.

Nestling Begging Calls Resemble Maternal Vocal Signatures When Mothers Call Slowly to Embryos.

AbstractVocal production learning (the capacity to learn to produce vocalizations) is a multidimensional trait that involves different learning mechanisms during different temporal and socioecological contexts. Key outstanding questions are whether vocal production learning begins during the embryonic stage and whether mothers play an active role in this through pupil-directed vocalization behaviors. We examined variation in vocal copy similarity (an indicator of learning) in eight species from the songbird family Maluridae, using comparative and experimental approaches.

Functional connectivity of the visual cortex in chronic migraine before and after medication withdrawal therapy.

Acute withdrawal of headache medication in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse may lead to a dramatic reduction in headache frequency and severity. However, the brain networks underlying chronic migraine and a favorable response to acute withdrawal are still poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to characterize the pattern of intrinsic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) functional connectivity (FC) specific to chronic migraine and to identify changes in FC that characterize subjects with CM reverting to less frequent headaches.

Group schema therapy for cluster-C personality disorders: A multicentre open pilot study.

Background: Group schema therapy (GST) is increasingly popular as a treatment for personality disorders (PDs), including Cluster-C PDs. Individual ST has proven to be effective for Cluster-C PD patients, while the evidence for GST is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of GST for Cluster-C PD.

Sleep assessment in critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To systematically review sleep evaluation, characterize sleep disruption, and explore effects of sleepdisruption on outcomes in adult ICU patients.

Materials And Methods: We systematically searched databases from May 1969 to June 2021 (PROSPERO protocol number: CRD42020175581). Prospective and retrospective studies were included studying sleep in critically ill adults, excluding patients with sleep or psychiatric disorders.

Depressive symptoms during the different phases of a migraine attack: A prospective diary study.

Background: The relationship between migraine and depression has been thoroughly investigated, indicating a bidirectional comorbidity. The exact temporal relationship between acute depressive symptoms (mood changes) and the various phases of the migraine attack has not yet been examined.

Methods: We performed a prospective diary study in n = 487 participants with migraine.

Acute withdrawal and botulinum toxin A in chronic migraine with medication overuse: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Botulinum toxin A (BTA) is widely used as treatment of chronic migraine. Efficacy in studies, however, was only modest and likely influenced by unblinding due to BTA-induced removal of forehead wrinkles. Moreover, most study participants were overusing acute headache medications and might have benefitted from withdrawal.

Linking migraine frequency with family history of migraine.

Background: Migraine is a complex genetic disorder that is brought about by multiple genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to assess whether migraine frequency is associated with genetic susceptibility.

Methods: We investigated in 2829 migraine patients (14% males) whether 'migraine frequency' (measured as the number of migraine days per month) was related to 'genetic load' (measured as the number of parents affected with migraine) using a validated web-based questionnaire.

Multiple hypotheses explain variation in extra-pair paternity at different levels in a single bird family.

Extra-pair paternity (EPP), where offspring are sired by a male other than the social male, varies enormously both within and among species. Trying to explain this variation has proved difficult because the majority of the interspecific variation is phylogenetically based. Ideally, variation in EPP should be investigated in closely related species, but clades with sufficient variation are rare.

Chronotypes and circadian timing in migraine.

Background It has been suggested that migraine attacks strike according to circadian patterns and that this might be related to individual chronotype. Here we evaluated and correlated individual chronotypes, stability of the circadian rhythm, and circadian attack timing in a large and well-characterised migraine population. Methods In 2875 migraine patients and 200 non-headache controls we assessed differences in: (i) distribution of chronotypes (Münich Chronotype Questionnaire); (ii) the circadian rhythm's amplitude and stability (Circadian Type Inventory); and (iii) circadian timing of migraine attacks.

Allodynia in cluster headache.

Cutaneous allodynia is an established marker for central sensitization in migraine. There is debate whether cutaneous allodynia may also occur in cluster headache, another episodic headache disorder. Here, we examined the presence and severity of allodynia in a large well-defined nationwide population of people with cluster headache.

Prevalence of lifetime depression in a large hemiplegic migraine cohort.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression and determinants associated with depression in a large population of hemiplegic migraine (HM) patients.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, validated questionnaire study among 89 well-defined HM patients and 235 headache-free controls. The prevalence of lifetime depression and its relation to migraine characteristics was assessed.

Restless legs syndrome in migraine patients: prevalence and severity.

Background And Purpose: Our aim was to study not only the prevalence but more importantly the severity and the correlation between sleep quality and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a large population of well-defined migraine patients as poor sleep presumably triggers migraine attacks.

Methods: In a large cross-sectional and observational study, data on migraine and RLS were collected from 2385 migraine patients (according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders ICHD-IIIb) and 332 non-headache controls. RLS severity (International RLS Study Group severity scale) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed.

Symptom dimensions of affective disorders in migraine patients.

Objective: A strong association has been established between migraine and depression. However, this is the first study to differentiate in a large sample of migraine patients for symptom dimensions of the affective disorder spectrum.

Methods: Migraine patients (n=3174) from the LUMINA (Leiden University Medical Centre Migraine Neuro-analysis Program) study and patients with current psychopathology (n=1129), past psychopathology (n=477), and healthy controls (n=561) from the NESDA (Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety) study, were compared for three symptom dimensions of depression and anxiety.

Detoxification in medication-overuse headache, a retrospective controlled follow-up study: Does care by a headache nurse lead to cure?

Aim: J.A.P.

Candidate-gene association study searching for genetic factors involved in migraine chronification.

Introduction: Chronic migraine (CM) is at the severe end of the clinical migraine spectrum, but its genetic background is unknown. Our study searched for evidence that genetic factors are involved in the chronification process.

Methods: We initially selected 144 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 48 candidate genes, which we tested for association in two stages: The first stage encompassed 262 CM patients, the second investigated 226 patients with high-frequency migraine (HFM).

What do patients consider to be the most important outcomes for effectiveness studies on migraine treatment? Results of a Delphi study.

Background: The outcome measures most frequently used in studies on the effectiveness of migraine treatment are whether the patient is free of pain, nausea, and free of photophobia/phonophobia within two hours. However, no patient-centred outcome measures are available. Therefore, we performed an online Delphi procedure to compile a list of outcome measures deemed most important to migraine patients.

Accelerometer-based quantitative analysis of axial nocturnal movements differentiates patients with Parkinson's disease, but not high-risk individuals, from controls.

Introduction: There is a need for prodromal markers to diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD) as early as possible. Knowing that most patients with overt PD have abnormal nocturnal movement patterns, we hypothesised that such changes might occur already in non-PD individuals with a potentially high risk for future development of the disease.

Methods: Eleven patients with early PD (Hoehn & Yahr stage ≤2.

Allodynia is associated with a higher prevalence of depression in migraine patients.

Introduction: There is a strong association between migraine and depression. The aim of this study is to identify migraine-specific factors involved in this association.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in a large, well-defined cohort of migraine patients (n=2533).

Actigraphy as a diagnostic aid for REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common parasomnia in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The current International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-II) requires a clinical interview combined with video polysomnography (video-PSG) to diagnose. The latter is time consuming and expensive and not always feasible in clinical practice.