Dengue Mimickers: Which Clinical Conditions Can Resemble Dengue Fever?

Epidemics and outbreaks caused by the dengue virus pose risks to populations and have high mortality rates, causing burdens and economic costs worldwide. Brazil recently experienced an explosive increase in the number of dengue cases and fatalities. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can progress to severe forms.

Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Chikungunya: A Systematic Literature Review.

Chikungunya (CHIK) is a re-emerging viral infection endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. While the typical clinical presentation is an acute febrile syndrome, long-term articular complications and even death can occur. This review characterizes the global epidemiological and economic burden of chikungunya.

Assessment of the quality of Primary Health Care in Fortaleza, Brazil, from the perspective of adult service users in 2019.

Primary Health Care (PHC) is the "front door" and keystone of Brazil's public health system, meaning that the evaluation of the quality of primary care services is of utmost importance. Using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT), this study evaluated the performance of public PHC services in Fortaleza from the view of adult service users. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 233 adult service users from 19 primary care centers (PCCs) between June and December 2019, collecting data on the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of users and structural features of PCCs.

Intestinal epithelial restitution after TcdB challenge and recovery from Clostridium difficile infection in mice with alanyl-glutamine treatment.

Background: Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacterium that causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It produces toxin A and toxin B (TcdB), which cause injury to the gut epithelium. Glutamine is a fundamental fuel for enterocytes, maintaining intestinal mucosal health.

Intranasal vaccination in mice with an attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar 908htr A expressing Cp15 of Cryptosporidium: impact of malnutrition with preservation of cytokine secretion.

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite associated with acute and persistent diarrhea that, even in asymptomatic persons, can impair normal growth and potentially cognitive and physical development in young children. The recent availability of the complete gene sequence for Cryptosporidium hominis antigen Cp15 allows examination of innovative vaccine regimens involving intra-nasal antigen priming with live bacterial vectors applicable to human populations. We used a recently described weaned mouse model of cryptosporidiosis, where nourished and malnourished vaccinated mice receive the Cp15 antigen recombinant with cytolysinA on a Salmonella serovar Typhi CVD 908-htr A vector, followed by parenteral exposure to antigen with adjuvant.

Novel in vitro and in vivo models and potential new therapeutics to break the vicious cycle of Cryptosporidium infection and malnutrition.

Background: Although several animal models of cryptosporidiosis have been reported, most involve genetically or pharmacologically immune-suppressed hosts.

Methods: We report challenge with excysted (in vitro and in vivo) and unexcysted (in vivo) Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in human colonic adenocarcinoma (HCT-8) cells and weaned nourished and malnourished C57BL/6 mice, following outcomes of growth rate, stool shedding, and tissue burden. We tested treatment with an oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG motif (CpG-ODN) and alanyl-glutamine in vivo and in vitro.

Arginine decreases Cryptosporidium parvum infection in undernourished suckling mice involving nitric oxide synthase and arginase.

Objective: This study investigated the role of L-arginine supplementation to undernourished and Cryptosporidium parvum-infected suckling mice.

Methods: The following regimens were initiated on the fourth day of life and injected subcutaneously daily. The C.

Cryptosporidium-malnutrition interactions: mucosal disruption, cytokines, and TLR signaling in a weaned murine model.

Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of persistent diarrhea in children in impoverished and developing countries and has both a short- and long-term impact on the growth and development of affected children. An animal model of cryptosporidial infection that mirrors closely the complex interaction between nutritional status and infection in children, particularly in vulnerable settings such as post-weaning and malnourishment, is needed to permit exploration of the pathogenic mechanisms involved. Weaned C57BL/6 mice received a protein-deficient (2%) diet for 3-12 days, then were infected with 5 × 10(7) excysted C.