Comparative Genomics and Biosynthetic Cluster Analysis of Antifungal Secondary Metabolites of Three Strains of Isolated from Rhizospheric Soils.

is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria with high GC content. It remains attractive for studying and discovering new antibiotics, antifungals, and chemotherapeutics. genomes can contain more than 30 cryptic and expressed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) encoding secondary metabolites.

Review and Current Perspectives on DNA Topoisomerase I and II Enzymes of Fungi as Study Models for the Development of New Antifungal Drugs.

Fungal infections represent a growing public health problem, mainly stemming from two phenomena. Firstly, certain diseases (e.g.

(Dimethylamino)methylene hydantoins as building blocks in the synthesis of oxoaplysinopsins and parabanic acids with antifungal activity.

A short, efficient, and stereoselective methodology is described for the synthesis of 5-((dimethylamino)methylene)hydantoins and their conversion into oxoaplysinopsins and parabanic acids. A highly convergent one-pot, two-step reaction between methyl -arylglycinates, isocyanates, and DMFDMA under microwave irradiation provided the corresponding (dimethylamino)methylene hydantoins as a single -stereoisomer in high overall yields. The synthesis of ()-1-(1-phenylethyl) chiral hydantoins, which undergo a stereoselective addition of acetic anhydride, aza-heterocycles, and amines, received special attention.

Synthesis, In Silico Study, and In Vitro Antifungal Activity of New 5-(1,3-Diphenyl-1-Pyrazol-4-yl)-4-Tosyl-4,5-Dihydrooxazoles.

The increase in multi-drug resistant strains has caused a sharp rise in life-threatening fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients, including those with SARS-CoV-2. Novel antifungal drugs are needed to combat multi-drug-resistant yeasts. This study aimed to synthesize a new series of 2-oxazolines and evaluate the ligands in vitro for the inhibition of six species and in silico for affinity to the CYP51 enzymes (obtained with molecular modeling and protein homology) of the same species.

Interactions between the AraC/XylS-like transcriptional activator InvF of Salmonella Typhimurium, the RNA polymerase alpha subunit and the chaperone SicA.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes gastroenteritis and systemic infections in humans. For this bacterium the expression of a type III secretion system (T3SS) and effector proteins encoded in the Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1), is keystone for the virulence of this bacterium. Expression of these is controlled by a regulatory cascade starting with the transcriptional regulators HilD, HilC and RtsA that induce the expression of HilA, which then activates expression of the regulator InvF, a transcriptional regulator of the AraC/XylS family.

Inhibitors of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Decrease the Growth, Ergosterol Synthesis and Generation of Mutants in and .

and , the most frequently isolated candidiasis species in the world, have developed mechanisms of resistance to treatment with azoles. Among the clinically used antifungal drugs are statins and other compounds that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), resulting in decreased growth and ergosterol levels in yeasts. Ergosterol is a key element for the formation of the yeast cell membrane.

Pyrrole-Based Enaminones as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Indolizines and Pyrrolo[1,2-]pyrazines Showing Potent Antifungal Activity.

As a new approach, pyrrolo[1,2-]pyrazines were synthesized through the cyclization of 2-formylpyrrole-based enaminones in the presence of ammonium acetate. The enaminones were prepared with a straightforward method, reacting the corresponding alkyl 2-(2-formyl-1-pyrrol-1-yl)acetates, 2-(2-formyl-1-pyrrol-1-yl)acetonitrile, and 2-(2-formyl-1-pyrrol-1-yl)acetophenones with DMFDMA. Analogous enaminones elaborated from alkyl ()-3-(1-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylates were treated with a Lewis acid to afford indolizines.

Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of sp. nov., a Novel Species with Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity in ESKAPE Bacteria.

The increasing number of infections caused by antimicrobial multi-resistant microorganisms has led to the search for new microorganisms capable of producing novel antibiotics. This work proposes sp. nov.

Unlocking the hidden potential of Mexican teosinte seeds: revealing plant growth-promoting bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents.

The bacterial component of plant holobiont maintains valuable interactions that contribute to plants' growth, adaptation, stress tolerance, and antagonism to some phytopathogens. Teosinte is the grass plant recognized as the progenitor of modern maize, domesticated by pre-Hispanic civilizations around 9,000 years ago. Three teosinte species are recognized: , , and .

Q antifungal metabolites inhibit the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway and yeast growth in fluconazole-resistant : phylogenomic and metabolomic analyses.

There is an urgent need to develop new antifungals due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant fungal infections and the recent emergence of COVID-19-associated candidiasis. A good study model for evaluating new antifungal compounds is , an opportunistic fungal pathogen with intrinsic resistance to azoles (the most common clinical drugs for treating fungal infections). The aim of the current contribution was to conduct tests of antifungal metabolites produced by the bacteria Q, identify their molecular structures, and utilize several techniques to provide evidence of their therapeutic target.

Vacuolar proteases and autophagy in phytopathogenic fungi: A review.

Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a survival and virulence mechanism of different eukaryotic pathogens. Autophagosomes sequester cytosolic material and organelles, then fuse with or enter into the vacuole or lysosome (the lytic compartment of most fungal/plant cells and many animal cells, respectively). Subsequent degradation of cargoes delivered to the vacuole autophagy and endocytosis maintains cellular homeostasis and survival in conditions of stress, cellular differentiation, and development.

Promotion of the growth and yield of by synthetic microbial communities from Jala maize.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a source of nutrient supply, stimulate plant growth, and even act in the biocontrol of phytopathogens. However, these phenotypic traits have rarely been explored in culturable bacteria from native maize landraces. In this study, synthetic microbial communities (SynCom) were assembled with a set of PGPB isolated from the Jala maize landrace, some of them with additional abilities for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and the stimulation of plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR).

Invasive Fungal Infection Caused by in an Immunocompromised Pediatric Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexico City: A Case Report.

Magnusiomyces capitatus (also denominated “Geotrichum capitatum” and “the teleomorph stage of Saprochaete capitata”) mainly affects immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies in rare cases of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Few cases have been reported for pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in part because conventional diagnostic methods do not consistently detect M. capitatus in infections.

Fermentation performance of a Mexican native Clavispora lusitaniae strain for xylitol and ethanol production from xylose, glucose and cellobiose.

Lignocellulose hydrolysates are rich in fermentable sugars such as xylose, cellobiose and glucose, with high potential in the biotechnology industry to obtain bioproducts of higher economic value. Thus, it is important to search for and study new yeast strains that co-consume these sugars to achieve better yields and productivity in the processes. The yeast Clavispora lusitaniae CDBB-L-2031, a native strain isolated from mezcal must, was studied under various culture conditions to potentially produce ethanol and xylitol due to its ability to assimilate xylose, cellobiose and glucose.

Antifungal Activity of Fibrate-Based Compounds and Substituted Pyrroles That Inhibit the Enzyme 3-Hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-CoA Reductase of (CgHMGR), Thus Decreasing Yeast Viability and Ergosterol Synthesis.

Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of yeasts belonging to the Candida genus, there is an urgent need to discover antifungal agents directed at alternative molecular targets. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the capacity of three different series of synthetic compounds to inhibit the Candida glabrata enzyme denominated 3-hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and thus affect ergosterol synthesis and yeast viability. Compounds 1c (α-asarone-related) and 5b (with a pyrrolic core) were selected as the best antifungal candidates among over 20 synthetic compounds studied.

Intracellular Aminopeptidase Activity Determination from the Fungus Sporisorium reilianum: Purification and Biochemical Characterization of psrAPEi Enzyme.

The aims of this study were to, first, determine the intracellular aminopeptidase activity (APEi) and second, purify and biochemically characterize one intracellular aminopeptidase enzyme from the phytopathogen fungus Sporisorium reilianum (psrAPEi), the causal agent of head smut in corn. The fungus produced APEi activity in all media cultures evaluated. The psrAPEi was purified by a procedure that involved ammonium sulfate fractionation and four chromatographic steps using an FPLC system (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography).

Molecular Recognition of Citroflavonoids Naringin and Naringenin at the Active Site of the HMG-CoA Reductase and DNA Topoisomerase Type II Enzymes of spp. and .

Unlabelled: Two agents from natural sources, citroflavonoids naringin and naringenin, can target enzymes in pathogenic yeasts responsible for hospital infections and crop failure. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular recognition site for naringin and naringenin on the HMGR and TOPOII enzymes of eleven species and one phytopathogen, , and evaluate yeast susceptibility to these flavonoids. The HMGR and TOPOII enzymes were analyzed in silico.

Point mutations in Candida glabrata 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (CgHMGR) decrease enzymatic activity and substrate/inhibitor affinity.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is a crucial enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The aim of this study was to obtain, purify, characterize, and overexpress five point mutations in highly conserved regions of the catalytic domain of Candida glabrata HMGR (CgHMGR) to explore the function of key amino acid residues in enzymatic activity. Glutamic acid (Glu) was substituted by glutamine in the E680Q mutant (at the dimerization site), Glu by glutamine in E711Q (at the substrate binding site), aspartic acid by alanine in D805A, and methionine by arginine in M807R (the latter two at the cofactor binding site).

The Mexican giant maize of Jala landrace harbour plant-growth-promoting rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria.

The giant landrace of maize Jala is a native crop cultured in Nayarit and Jalisco States in the occident of México. In this study, after screening 374 rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria isolated from rhizospheric soil, root, and seed tissues of maize Jala, a total of 16 bacterial strains were selected for their plant-growth-promoting potential and identified by 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. The isolates exhibited different combinations of phenotypic traits, including solubilisation of phosphate from hydroxyapatite, production of a broad spectrum of siderophores such as cobalt, iron, molybdenum, vanadium, or zinc (Co, Fe, Mo, V, Zn), and nitrogen fixation capabilities, which were detected in both rhizospheric and endophytic strains.

Three new species of (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from Mexico.

The genus is characterised by forming navicular to apothecial hysterothecia, exposing the green, yellow, orange, red, vinaceous or black colours of the hymenium which generally releases pigments in the presence of KOH. The exciple is smooth or striated, the asci bitunicate and ascospores have 1-5 transverse septa. To date, twenty-six species have been described from the Tropics.

Inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases I and II applied to Candida dubliniensis reduce growth, viability, the generation of petite mutants and toxicity, while acting synergistically with fluconazole.

The increasing resistance of Candida species to azoles emphasizes the urgent need for new antifungal agents with novel mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three DNA topoisomerase inhibitors of plant origin (camptothecin, etoposide and curcumin) on the growth of Candida dubliniensis. The phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between the topoisomerase enzymes of C.