Multifactorial causes of chronic itch in diabetes: More than just neuropathy.

Background: Chronic pruritus is common in patients with diabetes though its pathophysiology is unknown and difficult to pinpoint given the multi-system manifestations of diabetes. Herein, we aim to evaluate the severity of chronic itch in patients with diabetes and its association with glycaemic control, microvascular complications and quality of life.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 105 adults with diabetes evaluated by a dermatologist at a tertiary care centre in Mexico City.

Takayasu's Arteritis in Mexican Monozygotic Twins: Analysis of Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Haplotypes.

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is an idiopathic great vessel vasculitis that affects the aorta and its branches. This entity is associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. We studied DNA sequences of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) haplotypes in one pair of Mexican monozygotic twins affected by TA.

Occurrence of Klinefelter Syndrome Mosaic 45,X/46,XY/47,XXY/48,XXYY/48,XXXY and Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Objective: The presence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is rare, and its association with KS mosaicism is even rarer. We report an unusual combination of these entities with a mild phenotype of KS.

Methods: The patient was a 44-year-old male with a history of PHPT who had recurrent urolithiasis despite being treated with a successful parathyroidectomy.

Corrigendum: CXCL17 Is a Specific Diagnostic Biomarker for Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) That Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.

CXCL17 Is a Specific Diagnostic Biomarker for Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) That Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome.

The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CXCL17) is chemotactic for myeloid cells, exhibits bactericidal activity, and exerts anti-viral functions. This chemokine is constitutively expressed in the respiratory tract, suggesting a role in lung defenses. However, little is known about the participation of CXCL17 against relevant respiratory pathogens in humans.

Expression of Surfactant Protein D Distinguishes Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) from Coronavirus Disease 2019.

The differentiation between influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could constitute a diagnostic challenge during the ongoing winter owing to their clinical similitude. Thus, novel biomarkers are required to enable making this distinction. Here, we evaluated whether the surfactant protein D (SP-D), a collectin produced at the alveolar epithelium with known immune properties, was useful to differentiate pandemic influenza A(H1N1) from COVID-19 in critically ill patients.

Diversity of HLA Class I and Class II blocks and conserved extended haplotypes in Lacandon Mayans.

Here we studied HLA blocks and haplotypes in a group of 218 Lacandon Maya Native American using a high-resolution next generation sequencing (NGS) method. We assessed the genetic diversity of HLA class I and class II in this population, and determined the most probable ancestry of Lacandon Maya HLA class I and class II haplotypes. Importantly, this Native American group showed a high degree of both HLA homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium across the HLA region and also lower class II HLA allelic diversity than most previously reported populations (including other Native American groups).

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO IgG+) and Genetic Susceptibility, Potential Ethnic Influences.

Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have been reported in different populations. NMO is more frequent in non-Caucasians, and clinical phenotype differences between populations are likely influenced by genetic susceptibility. In Brazil, it has been reported that NMO patients have a mainly European ancestry background.

Presence of the HLADR13 allele among Mexican Mestizos suggests a protective factor against relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Background And Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system. Researchers have looked for an association between relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as risk or protective factor associated to ethnicity, which may add a partial explanation to disease heterogeneity and geographical variations. We described the frequency of the HLA-DR alleles in Mexican Mestizo (RRMS) patients.