An SBM and TBSS Analysis in Early-stage Patients With Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementias, and Corticobasal Syndrome.

Objective: To compare gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementias (LBD), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Surface-based morphometry (SBM) was assessed on 3D T1-weighted images using FreeSurfer image analysis and WM microstructure was studied using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) in 12 AD, 15 LBD, 10 CBS patients, and 10 HC.

Results: Patients with AD, compared with HC, exhibited reduced cortical surface area and volume in the superior frontal, middle frontal, and medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Functional connectivity of the pediatric brain.

Purpose: This review highlights the importance of functional connectivity in pediatric neuroscience, focusing on its role in understanding neurodevelopment and potential applications in clinical practice. It discusses various techniques for analyzing brain connectivity and their implications for clinical interventions in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Methods: The principles and applications of independent component analysis and seed-based connectivity analysis in pediatric brain studies are outlined.

3.0 T diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography of the testes in nonobstructive azoospermia.

Purpose: To assess the role of 3.0 T Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Fiber Tractography (FT) of the testes in the work-up of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA).

Methods: This prospective study included consecutive NOA men and controls.

Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography of the normal epididymis.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography (FT) of the normal epididymis and to determine normative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values.

Methods: Twenty-eight healthy volunteers underwent MRI of the scrotum, including DTI on a 3.0 T system.

Survival Outcome Prediction in Glioblastoma: Insights from MRI Radiomics.

Extracting multiregional radiomic features from multiparametric MRI for predicting pretreatment survival in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) patients is a promising approach. MRI data from 49 IDH wild-type glioblastoma patients pre-treatment were utilized. Diffusion and perfusion maps were generated, and tumor subregions segmented.

Pituitary gland height evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging in premature twins: the impact of growth and sex.

Background: Pituitary gland height reflects secretory activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis.

Objective: To assess the cumulative impact of fetal growth and sex on pituitary gland height in premature twins, dissociated from prematurity.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, assessing the pituitary gland height in 63 pairs of preterm twins, measured from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

"Long-term MRI findings in Ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with TNF inhibitors for a decade".

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the active and chronic lesions in sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine over a decade of TNFi therapy in patients with AS.

Methods: The study enrolled patients with AS under treatment with a TNFi for over a decade. The patients underwent a new MRI scan of their lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint (SIJ).

The role of ventral tegmental area in chronic stroke rehabilitation: an exploratory study.

Introduction: The acknowledged role of external rewards in chronic stroke rehabilitation, offering positive reinforcement and motivation, has significantly contributed to patient engagement and perseverance. However, the exploration of self-reward's importance in this context remains limited. This study aims to investigate the functional connectivity of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a key node in the brain's reward circuitry, during motor task-based rehabilitation and its correlation with the recovery process.

Use of a Foot-Induced Digitally Controlled Resistance Device for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation in Patients with Foot Paresis.

Neurological deficits from a stroke can result in long-term motor disabilities, including those that affect walking gait. However, extensive rehabilitation following stroke is typically time limited. Establishing predictive biomarkers to identify patients who may meaningfully benefit from additional physical therapy and demonstrate improvement is important to improve the patients' quality of life.

Volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis of the testes in nonobstructive azoospermia: a noninvasive fingerprint of impaired spermatogenesis?

Objectives: To explore the association between testicular volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis metrics and histologic categories in nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). The role of ADC histogram analysis in predicting the presence of spermatozoa, prior to testicular sperm extraction (TESE), was also investigated.

Methods: Forty-one NOA men and 17 age-matched controls underwent scrotal MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging.

The Severity of Sensorimotor Tracts Degeneration May Predict Motor Performance in Chronic Stroke Patients, While Brain Structural Network Dysfunction May Not.

Although the relationship between corticospinal tract (CST) fiber degeneration and motor outcome after stroke has been established, the relationship of sensorimotor cortical areas with CST fibers has not been clarified. Also limited research has been conducted on how abnormalities in brain structural networks are related to motor recovery. To address these gaps in knowledge, we conducted a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study with 12 chronic stroke patients (CSPs) and 12 age-matched healthy controls (HCs).

Vitamin D Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Ischemia.

Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency has been implicated in various conditions, including cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the incidence of patients with myocardial ischemia in relation to their serum levels of vitamin D. : A 64-month search (January 2016 to April 2021) in our database of the Nuclear Medicine Laboratory revealed 113 patients who had both myocardial perfusion imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (MPI SPECT) and Vit D measurements.

Peak Activation Shifts in the Sensorimotor Cortex of Chronic Stroke Patients Following Robot-assisted Rehabilitation Therapy.

Background: Ischemic stroke is the most common cause of complex chronic disability and the third leading cause of death worldwide. In recovering stroke patients, peak activation within the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) during the performance of a simple motor task has been shown to exhibit an anterior shift in many studies and a posterior shift in other studies.

Objective: We investigated this discrepancy in chronic stroke patients who completed a robot-assisted rehabilitation therapy program.

A magnetic resonance imaging study in etiology of nonobstructive azoospermia.

Background: Testicular magnetic resonance imaging parameters, including apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalized metabolite concentrations represent useful noninvasive fingerprints of nonobstructive azoospermia. Nonobstructive azoospermia etiology might correlate with the spermatogenesis status.

Objectives: To assess the possible association between apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalised metabolite concentrations with nonobstructive azoospermia etiology.

Structural and functional brain connectivity in moderate-late preterm infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage.

Purpose: Brain functional connectivity (FC) changes and microstructural abnormalities are reported in infants born moderate and late preterm (MLPT). We evaluated the effect of low-grade (grades I, II) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in MLPT babies on brain structural connectivity (SC) and FC.

Methods: Babies born MLPT between January 2014 and May 2017 underwent brain ultrasound (US) at 72 h and 7 days after birth, and MRI at around term equivalent.

Improving motor function after chronic stroke by interactive gaming with a redesigned MR-compatible hand training device.

New rehabilitation strategies enabled by technological developments are challenging the prevailing concept of there being a limited window for functional recovery after stroke. In this study, we examined the utility of a robot-assisted therapy used in combination with a serious game as a rehabilitation and motor assessment tool in patients with chronic stroke. We evaluated 928 game rounds from 386 training sessions of 8 patients who had suffered an ischemic stroke affecting middle cerebral artery territory that incurred at least 6 months prior.

Machine Learning Algorithms and Statistical Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease Analysis Based on Resting-State EEG Recordings: A Systematic Review.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia with a great prevalence in western countries. The diagnosis of AD and its progression is performed through a variety of clinical procedures including neuropsychological and physical examination, Electroencephalographic (EEG) recording, brain imaging and blood analysis. During the last decades, analysis of the electrophysiological dynamics in AD patients has gained great research interest, as an alternative and cost-effective approach.

Proton MR Spectroscopy in Assessing the Biochemical Milieu of Human Testes.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), considered a connection between metabolism and anatomic and functional information provided by standard MRI, gives information on various tissue metabolites and their pathologic changes. Recently, proton MRS has been added as an adjunct tool to the multiparametric protocol of scrotal MRI, providing a new insight into the extremely complex biochemical milieu of normal and abnormal testes. This article reviews proton MR spectra of normal testes, showing age and bilateralism dependence.

A preliminary study of the biochemical environment of infertile testes with clinical varicocele.

Purpose: To investigate the role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (1H-MRS) in the assessment of the biochemical environment of testes in infertile men with clinical varicocele.

Methods: In this prospective IRB approved study, 13 infertile men with clinical varicocele and 11 age-matched controls were assessed.

In vivo biochemical investigation of spermatogenic status: 1H-MR spectroscopy of testes with nonobstructive azoospermia.

Objectives: To evaluate the biochemical milieu in testes with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) by using proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in detecting differences in testicular metabolites between histological stages of NOA and in assessing the possible presence of spermatozoa before microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE).

Methods: Forty-nine NOA men and fifty age-matched controls were included in this prospective study. A single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy sequence with TR/TE (2000/25 ms) was used.

Functional connectivity and microstructural changes of the brain in primary Sjögren syndrome: the relationship with depression.

Background: Fatigue and depression are among the most common manifestations of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), but information is lacking on the relationship with brain function and microstructural changes.

Purpose: To investigate microstructural changes and brain connectivity in pSS, and to evaluate their relationship with fatigue and depression.

Material And Methods: The study included 29 patients with pSS (mean age 61.

Are there differences in the biochemical profile of bilateral normal testes? A 3.0 T 1H-MR spectroscopy study.

Bilateral normal testes asymmetry represents an interesting phenomenon. The aim was to assess possible differences in the biochemical profile of bilateral normal testes by 3.0 T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).