Use of asthma medication during pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: A European case-malformed control study.

Background: Pregnant women with asthma need to take medication during pregnancy.

Objective: We sought to identify whether there is an increased risk of specific congenital anomalies after exposure to antiasthma medication in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: We performed a population-based case-malformed control study testing signals identified in a literature review.

Protein-losing enteropathy after the total cavopulmonary connection: impact of intravenous immunoglobulin.

Objective: Despite multiple treatment modalities, protein-losing enteropathy remains a serious complication to Fontan-type operations. Observations suggest inflammation to be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition, and immunomodulating treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin may modify the condition positively.

Patients: Four patients with protein-losing enteropathy occurring after the total cavopulmonary connection, presenting with edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia, received intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy.