Exploring the abilities of performing complex daily activities in dementia: the effects of supervision on remaining independent.

The aim of this study was to explore the remaining abilities of people with dementia (PwD) in performing daily activities. Informal carers of community-residing PwD were recruited across England via mail out and carer support groups. Carers completed the to rate the PwD's initiative and performance of daily activities.

Wristband Accelerometers to motiVate arm Exercises after Stroke (WAVES): a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a multicentre, observer-blind, pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a wristband accelerometer with activity-dependent vibration alerts to prompt impaired arm use after stroke.

Design: Parallel-group pilot RCT.

Setting: Four English stroke services.

Paramedic Acute Stroke Treatment Assessment (PASTA): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Despite evidence from clinical trials that intravenous (IV) thrombolysis is a cost-effective treatment for selected acute ischaemic stroke patients, there remain large variations in the rate of IV thrombolysis delivery between stroke services. This study is evaluating whether an enhanced care pathway delivered by paramedics (the Paramedic Acute Stroke Treatment Assessment (PASTA)) could increase the number of patients who receive IV thrombolysis treatment.

Methods: Study design: Cluster randomised trial with economic analysis and parallel process evaluation.

An initial phase of JNK activation inhibits cell death early in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response.

Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). In mammalian cells, UPR signals generated by several ER-membrane-resident proteins, including the bifunctional protein kinase endoribonuclease IRE1α, control cell survival and the decision to execute apoptosis. Processing of XBP1 mRNA by the RNase domain of IRE1α promotes survival of ER stress, whereas activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase JNK family by IRE1α late in the ER stress response promotes apoptosis.

Consequences of stress in the secretory pathway: The ER stress response and its role in the metabolic syndrome.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) was originally identified as a signaling network coordinating adaptive and apoptotic responses to accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). More recent work has shown that UPR signaling can be triggered by a multitude of cellular events and that the UPR plays a critical role in the prevention, and also the progression, of a wide variety of diseases. Much attention has been paid to the role of the UPR in neurodegenerative diseases in the past.