A Review of Registered Randomized Controlled Trials for the Prevention of Obesity in Infancy.

Childhood overweight and obesity is a worldwide public health issue. Our objective was to describe planned, ongoing and completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed for the prevention of obesity in early childhood. Two databases (World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.

Keep handovers in the office.

Patient information is meant to be confidential. How is that possible when you give a bedside handover with other patients in the room (Readers' Panel, June 7). Handovers should be done in the office, followed by a walk around to introduce yourself as the nurse taking over the care, and to check on any infusions.

Management of Prematurity-Associated Wheeze and Its Association with Atopy.

Introduction: Although preterm birth is associated with respiratory morbidity in childhood, the role of family history of atopy and whether appropriate treatment has been instituted is unclear. Thus we assessed (i) the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, particularly wheezing, in childhood; (ii) evaluated the role of family history of atopy and mode of delivery, and (iii) documented the drug usage, all in preterm-born children compared to term-born control children.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based questionnaire study of 1-10 year-old preterm-born children (n = 13,361) and matched term-born controls (13,361).

Early-term birth is a risk factor for wheezing in childhood: A cross-sectional population study.

Background: Early term-born (37-38 weeks' gestation) infants have increased respiratory morbidity during the neonatal period compared with full term-born (39-42 weeks' gestation) infants, but longer-term respiratory morbidity remains unclear.

Objective: We assessed whether early term-born children have greater respiratory symptoms and health care use in childhood compared with full term-born children.

Methods: We surveyed 1- to 10-year-old term-born children (n = 13,361).

It is time for a more integrated bio-psycho-social approach to ADHD.

The role of psychosocial factors in perpetuating and predisposing towards the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms has been neglected within the field of child mental health. Clinicians, when told that a child had a diagnosis of ADHD, have been found to underestimate the presence of psychosocial factors, and are less likely to ask about the possibility of neglect or abuse. This article details the considerable research showing links between ADHD symptoms and parental mental illness, child maltreatment, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attachment disorders and other environmental factors.

Axotomy-induced miR-21 promotes axon growth in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Following injury, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons undergo transcriptional changes so as to adopt phenotypic changes that promote cell survival and axonal regeneration. Here we used a microarray approach to profile changes in a population of small noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) in the L4 and L5 DRG following sciatic nerve transection. Results showed that 20 miRNA transcripts displayed a significant change in expression levels, with 8 miRNAs transcripts being altered by more than 1.

Endomorphins in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and experimental arthritis.

The opioid tetrapeptides endomorphins (EM)-1 and EM-2 are widely expressed in central nervous system and immune tissues of rats and humans. Their analgesic properties are well characterized but they also have anti-inflammatory properties. EM-1 significantly attenuated the onset of hindpaw inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.

Antiinflammatory role of endomorphins in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and adjuvant-induced polyarthritis.

Objective: Pain sensitization and the related secretion of neuropeptides from sensory nerve terminals are proinflammatory in osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and adjuvant-induced polyarthritis. In contrast, endogenous opioids such as the recently discovered endomorphins (EMs) are antiinflammatory. However, the role of endogenous EMs such as EM-1 and EM-2 has never been investigated in OA and RA.

Opioid peptides endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the immune system in humans and in a rodent model of inflammation.

Endomorphin (EM)-1 and EM-2 are tetrapeptides with high affinity and selectivity for the micro-opioid receptor. We have utilized specific radioimmunoassays to characterize EM-1 and EM-2 in immune tissues from normal human subjects and from rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). PBLs from three normal human subjects contained 248, 13, and 303 pg EM-1 per 100 million cells, whereas EM-2 was measured in two subjects at 69 and 588 pg per 100 million cells.