The Dual Oxidase Duox2 stabilized with DuoxA2 in an enzymatic complex at the surface of the cell produces extracellular HO able to induce DNA damage in an inducible cellular model.

Thyroid hormone synthesis requires HO, produced by two NADPH oxidases, Duox1 and Duox2. To be fully active at the apical pole of the thyrocytes, these enzymes need additional maturation factors DuoxA1 and DuoxA2. The proteins have been shown to be localized at the cell surface, suggesting that they could form a complex with Duox counterparts.