Measuring behavioural disturbances exhibited by children and adolescents in post-traumatic amnesia: Development of a scale.

Behavioural disturbances are often observed, but (to our knowledge) not systematically assessed, in children who are in post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, we aimed to develop a prototype scale that measures the full range of behavioural disturbances exhibited by school-aged children in PTA. Quantitative and qualitative feedback was collected via online surveys.

Post-traumatic amnesia: a scoping review & content analysis of behavioral disturbances.

Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to identify behavioral disturbances exhibited by patients in post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). While behavioral disturbances are common in PTA, research into their presentation and standardized measures for their assessment are limited.

Design: The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021268275).

Lessons learnt from the first large outbreak of COVID-19 in health-care settings in Tasmania, Australia.

Problem: One month after the initial case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Tasmania, an island state of Australia, two health-care workers (HCWs) from a single regional hospital were notified to public health authorities following positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. These were the first recognized cases in an outbreak that overwhelmed the hospital's ability to function.

Context: The outbreak originated from two index cases.

Opiate analgesics and testing of post traumatic amnesia in school-aged children.

Objective: To assess the validity of the Westmead PTA scale in school-aged children treated with opiate analgesics.

Method: Twenty-eight hospitalized children without brain injury, aged between 8 and 16 years treated with opiate analgesics for pain relief following surgery were tested on the Westmead PTA scale. Pain and stress levels were also self-reported each day.

A feasibility and acceptability study of cognitive behavioural treatment for insomnia in adolescents with traumatic brain injury: A-B with follow up design, randomized baseline, and replication across participants.

Difficulties falling asleep or staying asleep (symptoms of insomnia) are common following paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, interventions to treat insomnia in this population have not yet been reported. This single-case series examined the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia (CBT-I) for adolescents ( = 5, aged 11-13 years) with TBI, and explored changes in sleep and fatigue post-treatment.

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, with retrobulbar extraconal phlegmon and naso-oral fistula.

Extranodal natural killer (NK-)/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), is a rare disease that often mimics rheumatological and infectious conditions and can therefore be difficult to diagnose. The authors present a case of a 55-year-old Vietnamese woman who was misdiagnosed with severe atrophic rhinitis and chronic sinus osteitis. Over a period of 8 months from initial referral, she underwent multiple biopsies and was treated with various antimicrobial regimens until the histopathological diagnosis of ENKL was finally made.

Time-based prospective memory in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury: Impact of working memory demands.

Objective: Difficulties with prospective memory are frequently reported following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), but rarely researched. We aimed to (i) investigate time-based prospective memory post-pediatric TBI; (ii) examine whether time-based prospective memory is differentially impacted by the demand placed on working memory; and (iii) explore which components of working memory (viz., central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad) are involved in time-based prospective memory under low and high cognitive load following pediatric TBI.

Accelerated Long-Term Forgetting Is Not Epilepsy Specific: Evidence from Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury.

Accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) is characterized by adequate recall after short, but not long delays. ALF is not detected by standardized neuropsychological memory tests. Currently, the prevailing conceptualization of ALF is of a temporal lobe seizure-related phenomenon.

Cognitive outcomes of pediatric stroke.

A limited number of longitudinal studies have investigated long-term neuropsychological development in the pediatric stroke population. This study retrospectively examines cognitive outcomes in 41 children with a history of stroke, with reference to age at stroke, laterality, region and mechanism of stroke. In the course of recovery, neuropsychological measures of intellectual functioning and memory were administered at two time points, whilst executive functioning, attention and academic skills were administered at one time point.

Cognitive, Linguistic, and Motor Abilities in a Multigenerational Family with Childhood Apraxia of Speech.

Objective: This study describes the phenotype in a large family with a strong, multigenerational history of severe speech sound disorder (SSD) persisting into adolescence and adulthood in approximately half the cases. Aims were to determine whether a core phenotype, broader than speech, separated persistent from resolved SSD cases; and to ascertain the uniqueness of the phenotype relative to published cases.

Method: Eleven members of the PM family (9-55 years) were assessed across cognitive, language, literacy, speech, phonological processing, numeracy, and motor domains.

Computerized Working Memory Training for Children with Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) places children at risk for deficits in working memory (WM; comprising a central executive [CE], and two storage systems: phonological loop [PL] and visuospatial sketchpad [VSSP]), which is strongly related to attention and academic skills in childhood. This study aimed to examine whether different components of WM can be improved following adaptive WM training (Cogmed) and whether improvements in WM generalize to other cognitive (attention) and academic skills (reading and mathematics) in children with TBI. Twenty-seven children with moderate to severe TBI were randomized to adaptive (Cogmed; n = 13) or non-adaptive training (active placebo; n = 14) and evaluated at baseline, post-training, and 3-months follow-up.

[Formula: see text]Working memory outcomes following traumatic brain injury in children: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The aim of this review is to systematically examine the literature concerning multicomponent working memory (WM)-comprising a central executive (CE), two storage components (phonological loop, PL and visuo-spatial sketchpad, VSSP), and episodic buffer (EB)-in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electronic searches were conducted of MEDLINE, PsychINFO and EMBASE up to October 2014 with the inclusion criteria of children and adolescents with TBI, and quantitative methods to assess at least one component of WM. Meta-analytic procedures calculated pooled effect sizes for WM outcomes.

Prevalence of Clostridium difficile colonization among healthcare workers.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased to epidemic proportions in recent years. The carriage of C. difficile among healthy adults and hospital inpatients has been established.

Rehabilitation of everyday memory deficits in paediatric brain injury: self-instruction and diary training.

Memory problems that interfere with everyday living are frequently reported in children who have sustained acquired brain injury (ABI), but their nature and rehabilitation is under-researched. This study aimed to (1) determine neuropsychological correlates of everyday memory deficits in children with ABI, and (2) investigate the effectiveness of a newly developed programme for their rehabilitation. We assessed everyday memory, verbal memory, attention and behaviour in 15 children with ABI.

Implicit and explicit memory outcome in children who have sustained severe traumatic brain injury: impact of age at injury (preliminary findings).

Primary Objective: To examine implicit and explicit memory outcome in children who had sustained severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) through childhood. Opposite patterns of impairments were expected: (i) impaired implicit memory in children with early TBI (TBI-EC, < 6 years) and (ii) impaired explicit memory in children with late TBI (TBI-LC, ≥ 6 years).

Research Design: Children who had sustained severe TBI more then 1 year ago were assessed.

An investigation of neuronal integrity in severe paediatric traumatic brain injury.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and its association with neuropsychological functioning was examined in the chronic injury phase of paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Fifteen children, aged 10-16 years, with severe TBIs were compared with 15 controls, matched for age and gender. The TBI group was found to have significantly lower levels of -acetyl aspartate (NAA) and Choline (Cho) in the right frontal lobe and generally displayed reduced performances on neuropsychological tests.

Cognitive outcome of long-term survivors of multisystem langerhans cell histiocytosis: a single-institution, cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Damage to the CNS, including the cerebellum, and to the hypothalamopituitary axis, is documented in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Neuropsychologic deficits have been recognized, but this is the first study in which cognitive function has been systematically assessed in a cohort of patients.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-eight long-term survivors of multisystem LCH (mean age, 15.