Understanding and scaffolding Danish schoolteachers' motivation for using classroom-based physical activity: study protocol for a mixed methods study.

Introduction: The benefits of physical activity for children's health, both mental and physical, and its positive effects on academic achievement are well established. Research also emphasises that schools could provide a natural setting for regular physical activity. There is, however, a limited amount of knowledge about teachers' views when it comes to integrating physical activity as part of teaching.

Body position influences arterial occlusion pressure: implications for the standardization of pressure during blood flow restricted exercise.

Purpose: Arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) measured in a supine position is often used to set cuff pressures for blood flow restricted exercise (BFRE). However, supine AOP may not reflect seated or standing AOP, thus potentially influencing the degree of occlusion. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the effect of body position on AOP.

Agonism and antagonism at the insulin receptor.

Insulin can trigger metabolic as well as mitogenic effects, the latter being pharmaceutically undesirable. An understanding of the structure/function relationships between insulin receptor (IR) binding and mitogenic/metabolic signalling would greatly facilitate the preclinical development of new insulin analogues. The occurrence of ligand agonism and antagonism is well described for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and other receptors but in general, with the exception of antibodies, not for receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).

Systematic evaluation of the metabolic to mitogenic potency ratio for B10-substituted insulin analogues.

Background: Insulin analogues comprising acidic amino acid substitutions at position B10 have previously been shown to display increased mitogenic potencies compared to human insulin and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been subject to much scrutiny and debate. However, B10 is still an attractive position for amino acid substitutions given its important role in hexamer formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the receptor binding properties as well as the metabolic and mitogenic potencies of a series of insulin analogues with different amino acid substitutions at position B10 and to identify a B10-substituted insulin analogue without an increased mitogenic to metabolic potency ratio.

Insight into the molecular basis for the kinetic differences between the two insulin receptor isoforms.

More than 20 years after the description of the two IR (insulin receptor) isoforms, designated IR-A (lacking exon 11) and IR-B (with exon 11), nearly every functional aspect of the alternative splicing both in vitro and in vivo remains controversial. In particular, there is no consensus on the precise ligand-binding properties of the isoforms. Increased affinity and dissociation kinetics have been reported for IR-A in comparison with IR-B, but the opposite results have also been reported.

Dimerization and negative cooperativity in the relaxin family peptide receptors.

Peptides of the relaxin family bind to the relaxin family peptide receptors or RXFPs, members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. For many years, ligand binding to GPCRs was thought to take place as monomeric complexes, ignoring early evidence of negative cooperativity. However, recent research has shown that most GPCRs form constitutive dimers or larger oligomers.

Structural basis of allosteric ligand-receptor interactions in the insulin/relaxin peptide family: implications for other receptor tyrosine kinases and G-protein-coupled receptors.

The insulin/relaxin superfamily of peptide hormones comprises 10 members in humans. The three members of the insulin-related subgroup bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), while four of the seven members of the relaxin-like subgroup are now known to bind to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the so-called relaxin family peptide receptors (RXFPs). Both systems have a long evolutionary history and play a critical role in fundamental biological processes, such as metabolism, growth, survival and longevity, and reproduction.