Multi-omic investigation identifies key antifungal biochemistry during fermentation of a Streptomyces biological control agent.

The use of multi-omic approaches has significantly advanced the exploration of microbial traits, leading to the discovery of new bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action. Streptomyces sp. MH71 is known for its antifungal properties with potential for use in crop protection.

Genomic and Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in the Strain MH191 Shows Media-Based Dependency for the Production of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Antifungal Activity.

species can form beneficial relationships with hosts as endophytes, including the phytopathogen-inhibiting strain, MH191, isolated from wheat plants. Using genomic characterization and untargeted metabolomics, we explored the capacity of strain MH191 to inhibit a range of fungal phytopathogens through the production of secondary metabolites. Complete genome assembly of strain MH191 predicted 24 biosynthetic gene clusters.

and their specialised metabolites for phytopathogen control - comparative and metabolic approaches.

In the search for new crop protection microbial biocontrol agents, isolates from the genus are commonly found with promising attributes. are natural soil dwellers and have evolved as plant symbionts producing specialised metabolites with antibiotic and antifungal activities. biocontrol strains can effectively suppress plant pathogens via direct antimicrobial activity, but also induce plant resistance through indirect biosynthetic pathways.

Tackling Control of a Cosmopolitan Phytopathogen: .

Phytopathogenic members of the genus cause widespread disease across a broad range of economically important crops. In particular, is considered one of the most destructive and cosmopolitan of plant pathogens. Here, were review the epidemiology of the pathogen, its economic impact on agricultural production, and measures employed toward control of disease.

Developing Actinobacterial Endophytes as Biocontrol Products for in Wheat.

Crown rot of wheat, caused by , results in millions of dollars of yield losses globally each year. Management strategies to control crown rot are limited and there are concerns about development of fungicide resistance so novel treatment strategies are desirable. A collection of endophytic Actinobacteria was screened for their ability to suppress the growth of and the development of crown rot symptoms in wheat with the aim of identifying candidates that can be developed into biocontrol products.

A functional genomics approach to dissect spotted alfalfa aphid resistance in Medicago truncatula.

Aphids are virus-spreading insect pests affecting crops worldwide and their fast population build-up and insecticide resistance make them problematic to control. Here, we aim to understand the molecular basis of spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA) or Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata resistance in Medicago truncatula, a model organism for legume species.

Fusaristatin A production negatively affects the growth and aggressiveness of the wheat pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum.

Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp), the causative fungal pathogen of the diseases Fusarium crown rot, is an important constraint to cereals production in many countries including Australia. Fp produces a number of secondary metabolites throughout its life cycle. One of these metabolites, the cyclic lipopeptide fusaristatin A, is encoded by a specific gene cluster containing a polyketide synthase and a three-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase.

The Arabidopsis is Impaired in Resistance to Root and Leaf Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens.

The () gene is recognised as a marker for early defence and stress responses. To identify regulators of these responses, a forward genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants with up-regulated promoter activity was conducted by screening a mutagenized population containing a promoter fragment fused to the luciferase reporter gene (). We previously identified several () mutants from this screen that conferred constitutive activity and increased resistance to several pathogens and/or insects pests.

The Arabidopsis RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl Terminal Domain (CTD) Phosphatase-Like1 (CPL1) is a biotic stress susceptibility gene.

Crop breeding for improved disease resistance may be achieved through the manipulation of host susceptibility genes. Previously we identified multiple Arabidopsis mutants known as enhanced stress response1 (esr1) that have defects in a KH-domain RNA-binding protein and conferred increased resistance to the root fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Here, screening the same mutagenized population we discovered two further enhanced stress response mutants that also conferred enhanced resistance to F.

Draft Genome Sequences of Streptomyces sp. Strains MH60 and 111WW2.

We report here the draft genome sequences, annotations, and predictions of secondary metabolite gene clusters of two endophytic species isolated from wheat plants growing in the Western Australian wheat belt. These strains, sp. strains MH60 and 111WW2, possess antifungal and/or plant growth-promoting activities.

Salicylic Acid-Dependent Plant Stress Signaling via Mitochondrial Succinate Dehydrogenase.

Mitochondria are known for their role in ATP production and generation of reactive oxygen species, but little is known about the mechanism of their early involvement in plant stress signaling. The role of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in salicylic acid (SA) signaling was analyzed using two mutants: (), which is a point mutation in SDH1 identified in a loss of SA signaling screen, and a knockdown mutant () for SDH assembly factor 2 that is required for FAD insertion into SDH1. Both mutants showed strongly decreased SA-inducible stress promoter responses and low SDH maximum capacity compared to wild type, while also showed low succinate affinity, low catalytic efficiency, and increased resistance to SDH competitive inhibitors.

Narrow-Leafed Lupin () β1- and β6-Conglutin Proteins Exhibit Antifungal Activity, Protecting Plants against Necrotrophic Pathogen Induced Damage from and .

Vicilins (7S globulins) are seed storage proteins and constitute the main protein family in legume seeds, particularly in narrow-leafed lupin ( L.; NLL), where seven vicilin genes, called β1- to β7-conglutin have been identified. Vicilins are involved in germination processes supplying amino acids for seedling growth and plant development, as well as in some cases roles in plant defense and protection against pathogens.

The tomato I gene for Fusarium wilt resistance encodes an atypical leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein whose function is nevertheless dependent on SOBIR1 and SERK3/BAK1.

We have identified the tomato I gene for resistance to the Fusarium wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) and show that it encodes a membrane-anchored leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein (LRR-RLP).

Transcriptome analysis of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis during colonisation of resistant and susceptible Medicago truncatula hosts identifies differential pathogenicity profiles and novel candidate effectors.

Background: Pathogenic members of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex are responsible for vascular wilt disease on many important crops including legumes, where they can be one of the most destructive disease causing necrotrophic fungi. We previously developed a model legume-infecting pathosystem based on the reference legume Medicago truncatula and a pathogenic F. oxysporum forma specialis (f.

Jasmonate Signalling and Defence Responses in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula-A Focus on Responses to Fusarium Wilt Disease.

Jasmonate (JA)-mediated defences play important roles in host responses to pathogen attack, in particular to necrotrophic fungal pathogens that kill host cells in order to extract nutrients and live off the dead plant tissue. The root-infecting fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum initiates a necrotrophic growth phase towards the later stages of its lifecycle and is responsible for devastating Fusarium wilt disease on numerous legume crops worldwide. Here we describe the use of the model legume Medicago truncatula to study legume-F.

Comparative genomics and prediction of conditionally dispensable sequences in legume-infecting Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales facilitates identification of candidate effectors.

Background: Soil-borne fungi of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex cause devastating wilt disease on many crops including legumes that supply human dietary protein needs across many parts of the globe. We present and compare draft genome assemblies for three legume-infecting formae speciales (ff. spp.

Characterization of a JAZ7 activation-tagged Arabidopsis mutant with increased susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.

In Arabidopsis, jasmonate (JA)-signaling plays a key role in mediating Fusarium oxysporum disease outcome. However, the roles of JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins that repress JA-signaling have not been characterized in host resistance or susceptibility to this pathogen. Here, we found most JAZ genes are induced following F.

Genome-Wide Analysis in Three Fusarium Pathogens Identifies Rapidly Evolving Chromosomes and Genes Associated with Pathogenicity.

Pathogens and hosts are in an ongoing arms race and genes involved in host-pathogen interactions are likely to undergo diversifying selection. Fusarium plant pathogens have evolved diverse infection strategies, but how they interact with their hosts in the biotrophic infection stage remains puzzling. To address this, we analyzed the genomes of three Fusarium plant pathogens for genes that are under diversifying selection.

The Arabidopsis KH-Domain RNA-Binding Protein ESR1 Functions in Components of Jasmonate Signalling, Unlinking Growth Restraint and Resistance to Stress.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play important roles in the protection of cells against toxins and oxidative damage where one Arabidopsis member, GSTF8, has become a commonly used marker gene for early stress and defense responses. A GSTF8 promoter fragment fused to the luciferase reporter gene was used in a forward genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants with up-regulated GSTF8 promoter activity. This identified the esr1-1 (enhanced stress response 1) mutant which also conferred increased resistance to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.

Lateral organ boundaries domain transcription factors: new roles in plant defense.

Over the last two decades, several transcription factor gene families have been identified with some of them characterized in detail for their roles on transcriptional regulation of plant defense responses against pest or pathogen attack. We have recently added another transcription factor gene family to this list through the characterization of the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) DOMAIN (LBD)-CONTAINING PROTEIN20 (LBD20). We showed LBD20 acts as a repressor of a subset of jasmonate mediated defenses and in susceptibility to the root-infecting fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.

The lateral organ boundaries domain transcription factor LBD20 functions in Fusarium wilt Susceptibility and jasmonate signaling in Arabidopsis.

The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) DOMAIN (LBD) gene family encodes plant-specific transcriptional regulators functioning in organ development. In a screen of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) sequence-indexed transferred DNA insertion mutants, we found disruption of the LOB DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN20 (LBD20) gene led to increased resistance to the root-infecting vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. In wild-type plants, LBD20 transcripts were barely detectable in leaves but abundant in roots, where they were further induced after F.

A highly conserved effector in Fusarium oxysporum is required for full virulence on Arabidopsis.

Secreted-in-xylem (SIX) proteins of the vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici are secreted during infection of tomato and function in virulence or avirulence.