Predictors of three-dimensional breast kinematics during bare-breasted running.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze differences in breast kinematics between breast cup sizes during running and the ability of breast and body size measurements to explain these differences.

Methods: Forty-eight women (A to G cup; mean ± SD: age = 26.0 ± 6.

Elbow Flexor Strength, Muscle Size, and Moment Arms in Prepubertal Boys and Girls.

The aim of this study was to examine elbow flexion torque, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), and leverage in boys and girls. Thirty-eight prepubertal children (9.6 ± 0.

Elbow flexion and extension strength relative to body or muscle size in children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine gender- and age-related differences in elbow flexion and extension strength in children, when linear size measurements and actual measurements of muscle size were used as explanatory variables in a multilevel model.

Methods: Thirty-seven children participated in a 3-yr longitudinal study (18 boys and 19 girls). The average age +/- SD at the first test occasion was 13.