Lead exposure sources and public health investigations for children with elevated blood lead in England, 2014 to 2022.

Background: Lead exposure at any concentration can adversely impact health, with children being more vulnerable to its effects. In England, children with an elevated blood lead concentration (BLC) are reported to Health Protection Teams (HPTs) for public health investigation. A detailed review of these cases has not yet been conducted.

Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after vaccination against human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 January 2000 to 4 April 2020.

BackgroundGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disease that can follow viral infections and has in a few cases been linked to vaccinations. Pre-licensure clinical trials did not observe an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and GBS, a post-marketing study from 2017 reported an increased relative risk.AimWe assessed the risk of GBS after HPV vaccination through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

The epidemiology and management of clusters of invasive meningococcal disease in England, 2010-15.

Background: Guidance for public health management of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in in England recommends the use of antibiotic chemoprophylaxis and vaccination. We summarized clinical and epidemiological data collected during routine management of IMD clusters in England.

Methods: Data on epidemiology and operational decisions for public health management were reviewed for clusters between April 2010 and December 2015.

Evaluation of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccination catch-up campaign in England in 2013.

In January-March 2013 in England, confirmed measles cases increased in children aged 10-16 years. In April-September 2013, the National Health System and Public Health England launched a national measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) campaign based on data from Child Health Information Systems (CHIS) estimating that approximately 8% in this age group were unvaccinated. We estimated coverage at baseline, and, of those unvaccinated (target), the proportion vaccinated up to 20/08/2013 (mid-point) to inform further public health action.

Prevalence of antibodies against hantaviruses in serum and saliva of adults living or working on farms in Yorkshire, United Kingdom.

Hantaviruses are an established cause of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe. Following a confirmed case of HFRS in the UK, in an individual residing on a farm in North Yorkshire and the Humber, a tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England, and the subsequent isolation of a Seoul hantavirus from rats trapped on the patient's farm, it was considered appropriate to further investigate the public health risk of this virus in the region. Of a total 119 individuals tested, nine (7.