The Psychosocial Effects of Frailty on Women.

Certain psychosocial elements, such as depression, anxiety, stress, lack of social support, and loneliness, should be considered as part of frailty. Women are more likely to be frail toward the end of life, because they live longer and are less likely to develop diseases with abrupt ends. Women are also more prone to develop psychosocial elements associated with frailty because of their lifetime stressors, poverty, and loneliness at the end of life.

Impact of individual clinical outcomes on trial participants' perspectives on enrollment in emergency research without consent.

Background: Evidence suggests that patients are generally accepting of their enrollment in trials for emergency care conducted under exception from informed consent. It is unknown whether individuals with more severe initial injuries or worse clinical outcomes have different perspectives. Determining whether these differences exist may help to structure post-enrollment interactions.