Anti-Obesity Medication in the Management of Children and Adolescents With Obesity: Recent Developments and Research Gaps.

Background: Paediatric obesity is a global public health concern. While in most countries the incidence keeps rising, the need for effective and long-term management for children and adolescents living with this chronic, relapsing disease is pressing. Health behaviour and lifestyle treatment (HBLT) is recommended as first-line treatment.

Insights from the ACTION Teens Study: a survey of adolescents living with obesity, their caregivers and healthcare professionals in the UK.

Objectives: The Awareness, Care and Treatment In Obesity maNagement (ACTION) Teens study explored attitudes, behaviours, perceptions and barriers regarding effective obesity care among adolescents living with obesity (ALwO), caregivers and healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Design: Cross-sectional online survey study.

Setting: Study across 10 countries; here, we report data from UK respondents.

The NHS Low-Calorie Diet Digital Programme: Fidelity of behaviour change technique delivery.

Aims: NHS England commissioned independent service providers to deliver the NHS Low-Calorie Diet Programme pilot. Previous research has illustrated a drift in the fidelity of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) during the delivery of the programme provided through face-to-face group or one-to-one behavioural support. The aim of this study was to assess the delivery fidelity of the BCT content in the digital delivery of the programme.

A Qualitative evaluation in community settings in England exploring the experiences of coaches delivering the NHS Low Calorie Diet programme pilot to ethnically diverse participants.

Background: The management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) within diverse ethnic populations requires a culturally tailored approach. However, little is known about the experiences of coaches delivering interventions for T2D, such as the National Health Service (NHS) Low Calorie Diet (LCD) programme, to people from diverse ethnic backgrounds.

Objective: To explore the experiences of coaches delivering an NHS programme using total diet replacement approaches to individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds, to inform the effective tailoring and equitable delivery of future interventions.

Pharmacological interventions for the management of children and adolescents living with obesity-An update of a Cochrane systematic review with meta-analyses.

Importance: The effectiveness of anti-obesity medications for children and adolescents is unclear.

Objective: To update the evidence on the benefits and harms of anti-obesity medication.

Data Sources: Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.

Is the NHS low-calorie diet programme delivered as planned? An observational study examining adherence of intervention delivery to service specification.

Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are chronic conditions with significant personal, societal, and economic impacts. Expanding on existing trial evidence, the NHS piloted a 52-week low-calorie diet programme for T2DM, delivered by private providers using total diet replacement products and behaviour change support. This study aimed to determine the extent to which providers and coaches adhered to the service specification outlined by NHS England.

South Asian individuals' experiences on the NHS low-calorie diet programme: a qualitative study in community settings in England.

Background: Existing literature examines barriers to the provision of ethnically diverse dietary advice, however, is not specific to total diet replacement (TDR). There is a lack of literature from the UK, limiting the potential applicability of existing findings and themes to the UK context. This study addresses this gap in research by interviewing participants of South Asian ethnicity who have undertaken the National Health Service (NHS) low-calorie diet programme (LCD) for people with type 2 diabetes living with overweight or obesity.

Can the delivery of behavioural support be improved in the NHS England Low-Calorie Diet Programme? An observational study of behaviour change techniques.

Background: Previous research has illustrated a drift in the fidelity of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) during the design of the pilot NHS England Low-Calorie Diet (NHS-LCD) Programme. This study evaluated a subsequent domain of fidelity, intervention delivery. Two research questions were addressed: (1) To what extent were BCTs delivered with fidelity to providers programme plans? (2) What were the observed barriers and facilitators to delivery?

Methods: A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed.

A Randomised Control Trial Investigating the Efficacy of the MapMe Intervention on Parental Ability to Correctly Categorise Overweight in Their Child and the Impact on Child BMI Z-Score Change at 1 Year.

Research suggests parental ability to recognise when their child has overweight is limited. It is hypothesised that recognition of child overweight/obesity is fundamental to its prevention, acting as a potential barrier to parental action to improve their child's health-related behaviours and/or help seeking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an intervention (MapMe) to improve parental ability to correctly categorise their child as having overweight one-month post-intervention, and reduce child body mass index (BMI) z-score 12 months post-intervention.

'Health Connections': study protocol for the development of a coproduced, community-based diet, physical activity, and healthy weight intervention for UK black and Asian adults.

Introduction: A limited number of diet, physical activity and weight management programmes suitable for UK black and Asian populations have been evaluated. We aim to coproduce 'Health Connections-an ambitious new intervention to support dietary and physical activity choices, and maintaining a healthier weight, tailored to the needs of black Caribbean, black African and South Asian adults. Our existing research and public engagement work suggests that the intervention should be designed to be embedded in communities and delivered by peer educators supported by health professionals.

Perceptions of dietary intake amongst Black, Asian and other minority ethnic groups in high-income countries: a systematic review of qualitative literature.

Background: Minority ethnic groups are a fast-growing population in many high-income countries, partly due to the increasing population of immigrants and second-generation migrants. The dietary practices of some of these minority ethnic groups might make them to be disproportionately affected by obesity and increase their risks of developing non-communicable diseases. Population-specific interventions and strategies are vital to addressing poor nutritional practices among this population.

How is online self-reported weight compared with image-captured weight? A comparative study using data from an online longitudinal study of young adults.

Background: Accurate anthropometric measurement is important within epidemiological studies and clinical practice. Traditionally, self-reported weight is validated against in-person weight measurement.

Objectives: This study aimed to 1) determine the comparison of online self-reported weight against images of weight captured on scales in a young adult sample, 2) compare this across body mass index (BMI), gender, country, and age groups, and 3) explore demographics of those who did/did not provide a weight image.

Psychological support within tier 2 adult weight management services, are we doing enough for people with mental health needs? A mixed-methods survey.

Depression and obesity are two of the most highly prevalent global public health concerns. Obesity and poor mental health are strongly associated, and it is likely that mental health needs are common in people seeking weight management services. The aim was to identify what psychological support is provided and required in tier 2 adult weight management services (T2 WMS).

Does the design of the NHS Low-Calorie Diet Programme have fidelity to the programme specification? A documentary review of service parameters and behaviour change content in a type 2 diabetes intervention.

Background: NHS England commissioned four independent service providers to pilot low-calorie diet programmes to drive weight loss, improve glycaemia and potentially achieve remission of Type 2 Diabetes across 10 localities. Intervention fidelity might contribute to programme success. Previous research has illustrated a drift in fidelity in the design and delivery of other national diabetes programmes.

Can We Deliver Person-Centred Obesity Care Across the Globe?

Purpose Of Review: This article discusses what person-centred care is; why it is critically important in providing effective care of a chronic, complex disease like obesity; and what can be learnt from international best practice to inform global implementation.

Recent Findings: There are four key principles to providing person-centred obesity care: providing care that is coordinated, personalised, enabling and delivered with dignity, compassion and respect. The Canadian 5AsT framework provides a co-developed person-centred obesity care approach that addresses complexity and is being tested internationally.

Understanding eating behaviours, mental health and weight change in young adults: protocol paper for an international longitudinal study.

Introduction: Understanding the complexities of change in eating behaviours, mental health, well-being and weight is crucial to inform healthcare and service provision, particularly in light of the exacerbating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to address the need for more comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence, by tracking eating behaviours, mental health, health related behaviours and weight over a 12-month period, in a sample of young adults (18-35 years) in the UK and Australia.

Methods And Analysis: Online surveys administered via the Prolific online research platform will be used for data collection at baseline, 6 months and 12 months.

Surgery for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents.

Background: Child and adolescent overweight and obesity have increased globally and are associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences.

Objectives: To assess the effects of surgery for treating obesity in childhood and adolescence.

Search Methods: For this update, we searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database (LILACS), World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP)and ClinicalTrials.

How is the NHS Low-Calorie Diet Programme expected to produce behavioural change to support diabetes remission: An examination of underpinning theory.

Background: In 2020, the National Health Service Low-Calorie Diet Programme (NHS-LCD) was launched, piloting a total diet (TDR) replacement intervention with behaviour change support for people living with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and excess weight. Four independent service providers were commissioned to design and deliver theoretically grounded programmes in localities across England.

Aims: 1) to develop a logic model detailing how the NHS-LCD programme is expected to produce changes in health behaviour, and (2) to analyse and evaluate the use of behaviour change theory in providers' NHS-LCD Programme designs.

'Pizza every day - why?': A survey to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 guidelines on secondary school food provision in the UK.

The nutritional requirements of adolescence and the reported poor UK eating behaviours of young people are a significant public health concern. Schools are recognised as an effective 'place' setting to enable improvement to nutrition outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in UK school closures from March 2020.

Social disparities in obesity treatment for children age 3-10 years: A systematic review.

Socio-economic status and ethnic background are recognized as predictors of risk for the development of obesity in childhood. The present review assesses the effectiveness of treatment for children according to their socio-economic and ethnic background. Sixty-four systematic reviews were included, from which there was difficulty reaching general conclusions on the approaches to treatment suitable for different social subgroups.

The impact of, and views on, school food intervention and policy in young people aged 11-18 years in Europe: A mixed methods systematic review.

Understanding the social and environmental influencers of eating behaviours has the potential to improve health outcomes for young people. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of school nutrition interventions and the perceptions of young people experiencing a nutrition focused intervention or change in school food policy. A comprehensive systematic search identified studies published between 1 December 2007 to 20 February 2020.

Tackling reporting issues and variation in behavioural weight management interventions: Design and piloting of the standardized reporting of adult behavioural weight management interventions to aid evaluation (STAR-LITE) template.

In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence make recommendations to guide the local-level selection and implementation of adult behavioural weight management interventions (BWMIs) which lack specificity. The reporting of BWMIs is generally poorly detailed, resulting in difficulties when comparing effectiveness, quality and appropriateness for participants. This non-standardized reporting makes meta-analysis of intervention data impossible, resulting in vague guidance based on weak evidence, reinforcing the urgent need for consistency and detail within BWMI description.

Core outcome set for behavioural weight management interventions for adults with overweight and obesity: Standardised reporting of lifestyle weight management interventions to aid evaluation (STAR-LITE).

Behavioural weight management interventions in research studies and clinical practice differ in length, advice, frequency of meetings, staff, and cost. Few real-world programmes have published patient outcomes and those that have used different ways of reporting information, making it impossible to compare interventions and develop the evidence base. To address this issue, we have developed a core outcome set for behavioural weight management intervention programmes for adults with overweight and obesity.

Effectiveness of individual and group programmes to treat obesity and reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in pre-pubertal children.

Childhood obesity results in premature atherosclerosis and requires early intervention. Compare the effectiveness of 6-month lifestyle interventions (with choice of either individual or group therapy) with standard care on body mass index (BMI) z-score and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks factors in children with obesity. This 6-month randomized controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up included 74 pre-pubertal children with obesity (7.

Correction: Interventions for treating children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: an overview of Cochrane reviews.

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