The appointment-based model in community pharmacies: Patient demographics and reimbursable clinical services uptake in Ontario.

Background: Community pharmacies typically require patients to request medication refills. The appointment-based model (ABM) is a proactive approach that synchronizes refills and schedules patient-pharmacist appointments. These appointments provide opportunities for medication reviews, medication optimization and health promotion services.

Localized interleukin-12 delivery for immunotherapy of solid tumours.

Interleukin (IL)-12 is the key cytokine in the initiation of a Th1 response and has shown promise as an anti-cancer agent; however, clinical trials involving IL-12 have been unsuccessful due to toxic side-effects. To address this issue, lentiviral vectors were used to transduce tumour cell lines that were injected as an autologous tumour cell vaccine. The focus of the current study was to test the efficacy of this approach in a solid tumour model.