Understanding Marketing Responses to a Tax on Sugary Drinks: A Qualitative Interview Study in the United Kingdom, 2019.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement fiscal policies to reduce the health impacts of sugary drinks. Few studies have fully examined the responses of industry to these policies, and whether they support or undermine health benefits of sugary drinks taxes. We aimed to explore the changes that sugary drinks companies may make to their marketing, and underlying decision-making processes, in response to such a tax.

Implementation strategies for improving vitamin D status and increasing vitamin D intake in the UK: current controversies and future perspectives: proceedings of the 2nd Rank Prize Funds Forum on vitamin D.

A multi-disciplinary expert group met to discuss vitamin D deficiency in the UK and strategies for improving population intakes and status. Changes to UK Government advice since the 1st Rank Forum on Vitamin D (2009) were discussed, including rationale for setting a reference nutrient intake (10 µg/d; 400 IU/d) for adults and children (4+ years). Current UK data show inadequate intakes among all age groups and high prevalence of low vitamin D status among specific groups (e.

The Relationship between Self-Reported Exposure to Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Promotions and Intake: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2017 International Food Policy Study.

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is independently associated with several non-communicable diseases, so policymakers are increasingly implementing measures, such as marketing regulation, to reduce intake. To help understand how such measures work, this study examined the association between SSB consumption and self-reported exposure to SSB promotions, both overall and by type of promotion, and whether these relationships vary between the UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, and Australia. Cross-sectional analysis of the online 2017 International Food Policy Study was performed ( = 15,515).

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in the early years and implications for type-2 diabetes: a sub-Saharan Africa context.

This review aims to explore trends of early consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), within the context of growing child and adolescent obesity and escalating type-2 diabetes prevalence. We explore efforts to mitigate these, drawing on examples from Africa and elsewhere. SSB, including carbonated drinks and fruit juices, play a contributory role in the development of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases (NCD).

A definition of free sugars for the UK.

Public Health England has set a definition for free sugars in the UK in order to estimate intakes of free sugars in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. This follows the recommendation from the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition in its 2015 report on Carbohydrates and Health that a definition of free sugars should be adopted. The definition of free sugars includes: all added sugars in any form; all sugars naturally present in fruit and vegetable juices, purées and pastes and similar products in which the structure has been broken down; all sugars in drinks (except for dairy-based drinks); and lactose and galactose added as ingredients.

UK Dietary Policy for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.

Nutrition advice is devolved within each of the four UK countries, but share a common evidence base provided through the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN). Current UK dietary recommendations to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) is based upon recommendations from SACN and its predecessor committee. Dietary advice in the UK has recently been revised in relation to intakes of free sugar and fibre.

'Change4Life Smart Swaps': quasi-experimental evaluation of a natural experiment.

Objective: To evaluate the impact on food purchasing behaviour of the 'Change4Life Smart Swaps' campaign to encourage families to make small changes to lower-fat or lower-sugar versions of commonly eaten foods and drinks.

Design: Quasi-experimental study comparing the proportion of swaps made by an intervention group (267 families who had signed up to the 'Smart Swaps' campaign promoted through various media, including television and radio advertising in early 2014) and a comparison group (135 families resident in Wales, signed up for 'Change4Life' materials, but not directly exposed to the 'Smart Swaps' campaign). During weeks 1, 2 and 3 of the campaign participants were asked to record their purchases of dairy products, carbonated drinks and breakfast cereals, using a mobile phone app questionnaire, when making a purchase within the category.

Implications of skeletal muscle loss for public health nutrition messages: a brief report.

Age-related skeletal muscle loss, sarcopenia, cachexia and wider malnutrition (under nutrition) are complex in aetiology with interaction of clinical, social and economic factors. Weight loss and loss of skeletal muscle mass in older people are associated with increased morbidity and mortality with implications for increasing health and social care costs. There is insufficient evidence to identify the ideal treatment options.

Medium-term results of total knee arthroplasty using a medially pivoting implant: a multicenter study.

A multicenter study was conducted to determine the durability and performance of a medially pivoting knee prosthesis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Between February 1999 and June 2001, 276 patients underwent 298 primary TKAs at five centers. There were 189 patients (204 knees) available for clinical evaluation after surgery, with an average follow-up of 5.

Introduction to the Food Standards Agency's (FSA) food choice research programmes and to the report of the FSA seminar on peer-led approaches to dietary change held in July 2006.

Objective: To describe the Food Standards Agency's (FSA) Food Acceptability & Choice and Food Choice Inequalities research programmes and the context for the FSA seminar on peer-led approaches to dietary change held in July 2006.

Results: The aims of the FSA's food choice research programmes are to identify the social, psychological and physical barriers to achieving a healthier diet and how they might be addressed. Results of the research provide the scientific basis for some FSA advice on healthy eating.

The mouse foot-pad technique for cultivation of Mycobacterium leprae.

Although multiplication of Mycobacterium leprae in the foot pads of immune-competent mice is limited, and no leprosy-like lesions are produced in these animals, the mouse foot-pad system represents the first truly useful and reproducible animal model of M. leprae infection. Its employment has enabled research into basic questions with respect to the microbiology of M.

Calorimetric studies of ligand binding in R67 dihydrofolate reductase.

R67 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a novel bacterial protein that possesses 222 symmetry and a single active site pore. Although the 222 symmetry implies that four symmetry-related binding sites must exist for each substrate as well as for each cofactor, various studies indicate only two molecules bind. Three possible combinations include two dihydrofolate molecules, two NADPH molecules, or one substrate plus one cofactor.

Achievements of dermatological research in Denmark and Israel: a comparative 10-year study.

Wide differences of achievement in dermatological research between Denmark and Israel have been reported, although the two countries are comparable in terms of academic dermatological structure. The aims of the present study were to document these differences by means of bibliometric analysis, and to attempt to elucidate the causes of these differences. Employing MEDLINE searches for the 10-year period 1988-97, quantitative and qualitative comparisons of the dermatological publications from these two countries were conducted.

Effect of vaccination with refined components of the organism on infection of mice with Mycobacterium leprae.

Only native products of Mycobacterium leprae, whether cell wall, cytosol, or membrane derived, can confer protective immunity against challenge in the mouse footpad. Previously, recombinant proteins were shown to be ineffective. The cell wall skeleton-the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex-devoid of proteins is not protective.