The Interaction of Race and Pregnancy Intentions on Breastfeeding Initiation Rates and Duration in the United States.

Unintended pregnancy increases adverse perinatal health outcomes. Limited studies exist on the influence of pregnancy intention on breastfeeding. This study examines the interaction of Race and couples' pregnancy intention on breastfeeding initiation and duration.

Recruitment and retention of participants with obesity into a longitudinal birth cohort: the Breastfeeding and Early Child Health (BEACH) study.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate how maternal pre-pregnant body mass index (BMI) impacts participant recruitment and retention.

Methods: Participants were enrolled in a longitudinal study between 30 and 36 weeks of pregnancy as having normal weight (pre-pregnant BMI ≥ 18.5 and <25 kg/m) or obesity (pre-pregnant BMI ≥ 30.

Trends in hair cortisol from preconception to the postpartum period.

Introduction: Cortisol is a biological marker of stress, and its levels reflect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress over time. Saliva, blood, and urine cortisol reflect acute stress, whereas assessment of hair cortisol is a better reflection of chronic stress. There is limited information on hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in the perinatal period, particularly, in the preconception and postpartum periods.

Bedsharing among breastfeeding physicians: Results of a nationwide survey.

Introduction: Bedsharing is common but advised against by the American Academy of Pediatrics. It is unknown if breastfeeding physicians bedshare more or less than the general population.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bedsharing among physicians, their reasons for bedsharing or not, and whether bedsharing was associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding.

Florida Doulas' Perspectives on Their Role in Reducing Maternal Morbidity and Health Disparities.

Background: Maternal mortality rates continue to rise in the United States. Considerable racial disparities exist, as Black women face two to three times the risks of dying from pregnancy-related complications compared with white women. Doulas have been associated with improved maternal outcomes.

Child Health Needs and the Adolescent Medicine Workforce Supply: 2020-2040.

Adolescent medicine (AM) subspecialists provide primary, subspecialty, and consultative care to adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Given insufficient numbers of AM subspecialists to care for all AYAs, the workforce supports AYAs health care capacity through education, research, advocacy, and the development of policies and programs sensitive to their unique needs. A modeling project funded by the American Board of Pediatrics Foundation was developed to forecast the pediatric subspecialty workforce in the United States from 2020 to 2040 on the basis of current trends in each subspecialty.

A systematic review of contaminants in donor human milk.

Donor human milk (DHM) from a milk bank is the recommended feeding method for preterm infants when the mother's own milk (MOM) is not available. Despite this recommendation, information on the possible contamination of donor human milk and its impact on infant health outcomes is poorly characterised. The aim of this systematic review is to assess contaminants present in DHM samples that preterm and critically ill infants consume.

Diabetic Retinopathy during pregnancy in Hispanic women with latent Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Background: Retinal photography was performed in pregnancy and postpartum in pregnant Hispanic women with latent Toxoplasma gondii (TG) infection in order to screen for characteristic retinal lesions or the particular scars found in people with active T. gondii infection. A comparison group of TG negative women was included in the study but they did not have retinal photography.

Ethnic disparity in diagnosing asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis using machine learning.

While machine learning (ML) has shown great promise in medical diagnostics, a major challenge is that ML models do not always perform equally well among ethnic groups. This is alarming for women's health, as there are already existing health disparities that vary by ethnicity. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal syndrome among women of reproductive age and has clear diagnostic differences among ethnic groups.

Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol.

The need of carbon sources for the chemical industry, alternative to fossil sources, has pointed to CO as a possible feedstock. While CO electroreduction (CO R) allows production of interesting organic compounds, it suffers from large carbon losses, mainly due to carbonate formation. This is why, quite recently, tandem CO R, a two-step process, with first CO R to CO using a solid oxide electrolysis cell followed by CO electroreduction (COR), has been considered, since no carbon is lost as carbonate in either step.

The medical device development ecosystem: Current regulatory state and challenges for future development: A review.

Background/purpose: There has been increasing emphasis on the development of new technology to mitigate unmet clinical needs in cardiovascular disease. This emphasis results in part from recognition that many devices, although being initially developed in the United States, were studied, and then eventually approved abroad before being returned to the U.S.

Prenatal Counseling and Preparation for Breastfeeding.

Breastfeeding is the gold standard of infant nutrition and current guidelines suggest exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, with continued breastfeeding through 24 months or beyond. Obstetric care professionals can encourage and educate their patients about breastfeeding through the prenatal period when many expectant parents make decisions about their infant feeding choices. Education and support should extend through the postpartum period and include parents who may have concerns surrounding medical comorbidities, breast augmentation, or substance use disorders.

Proceedings of the NHLBI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Imaging: Translation to Patient Care.

Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to revolutionize many fields, but its clinical implementation in cardiovascular imaging is still rare despite increasing research. We sought to facilitate discussion across several fields and across the lifecycle of research, development, validation, and implementation to identify challenges and opportunities to further translation of AI in cardiovascular imaging. Furthermore, it seemed apparent that a multidisciplinary effort across institutions would be essential to overcome these challenges.

Skin to Skin Contact Correlated with Improved Production and Consumption of Mother's Own Milk.

Human milk diet, preferably mother's own milk (MOM) over donor milk (DM), is recommended for preterm infants. Expression of MOM in proximity to preterm infants, especially during or immediately after skin-to-skin contact (SSC), is associated with greater milk production. However, the correlation between SSC and MOM production during hospital admission in preterm infants has not yet been studied.

Improving Racial and Ethnic Equity in Clinical Trials Enrolling Pregnant and Lactating Individuals.

Racial and ethnic marginalized populations have historically been poorly represented, underrecruited, and underprioritized across clinical trials enrolling pregnant and lactating individuals. The objectives of this review are to describe the current state of racial and ethnic representation in clinical trials enrolling pregnant and lactating individuals and to propose evidence-based tangible solutions to achieving equity in these clinical trials. Despite efforts from federal and local organizations, only marginal progress has been made toward achieving equity in clinical research.

Maternal gut microbiota in the postpartum Period: A Systematic review.

Studies have demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiota during pregnancy, and there is emerging literature on the postpartum maternal gut microbiota. The primary objective of this paper was to synthesize the literature on the postpartum gut microbiome composition and diversity measured in stool samples from healthy mothers of predominantly term infants. The secondary objectives were (1) to identify biological and environmental factors that influence postpartum maternal gut microbiota and (2) to assess health conditions and clinical intermediate measures associated with postpartum gut microbiota changes in all mothers.

Perinatal Health Outcomes Across Rural and Nonrural Counties Within a Single Health System Catchment.

Background: Perinatal health outcomes are influenced by a variety of socioeconomic, behavioral, and economic factors that reduce access to health services. Despite these observations, rural communities continue to face barriers, including a lack of resources and the fragmentation of health services.

Objective: To evaluate patterns in health outcomes, health behaviors, socioeconomic vulnerability, and sociodemographic characteristics across rural and nonrural counties within a single health system catchment area.

Peripartum women's perspectives on research study participation in the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium during COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented need for population-level clinical trials focused on the discovery of life-saving therapies and treatments. However, there is limited information on perception of research participation among perinatal populations, a population of particular interest during the pandemic.

Methods: Eligible respondents were 18 years or older, were currently pregnant or had an infant (≤12 months old), and lived in Florida within 50 miles of sites participating in the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium.

A cautionary tale for health education initiatives in vulnerable populations: Improving nutrition in Haiti prisons.

Introduction: Prisons in low-income countries have barriers to providing adequate nutrition to the incarcerated. This perspective discusses a quality improvement program with health education to improve nutrition provided to men in two prisons in Haiti.

Methods: Incarcerated men in the National Penitentiary in Port Au Prince and the prison in Mirebalais were the focus of the program.