Primary Care Physicians Beliefs about Prostate-Specific Antigen Evidence Uncertainty, Screening Efficacy, and Test Use.

Background/purpose: Little is known about primary care physicians' (PCPs) beliefs about prostate cancer screening efficacy, evidence uncertainty, and their actual screening behaviors. We examined factors associated with PCP beliefs about screening efficacy and uncertainty and whether beliefs were associated with prostate specific-antigen (PSA) test use.

Methods: The 2008 National Survey of Primary Care Physicians' Practices Regarding Prostate Cancer Screening collected information on physicians' attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to prostate cancer and screening (n=1,256).

Racial Disparity in Time Between First Diagnosis and Initial Treatment of Prostate Cancer.

Background: Disparities among patients with prostate cancer exist across the continuum of care. The interval of time that lapses between first diagnosis and treatment is another disparity that may exist but has not been fully explored.

Methods: Our study looked at the data of 749 men (353 black and 396 white) who were 40 to 81 years of age when they entered the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry during the years 2007 and 2008.

Factors Associated with Men's Assessment of Prostate Cancer Treatment Choice.

The objective of this study is to examine factors among a group of African American and White men in North Carolina and their assessment of prostate cancer treatment choice or belief that treatment chosen was best. A sample of men (N = 877) with a history of prostate cancer diagnosis was recruited from the North Carolina Cancer Registry during 2007-2008 and asked to participate in a telephone interview covering several measures about their initial prostate cancer treatment. Logistic regression was used to assess demographic, psychosocial, and clinical factors on whether they felt that they had chosen the best treatment for the disease.

US Primary Care Physicians' Prostate Cancer Screening Practices: A Vignette-Based Analysis of Screening Men at High Risk.

Background: Limited information exists on primary care physicians' (PCPs) use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test by patient risk category. We describe PCP responses to hypothetical patient scenario (PS) involving PSA testing among high-risk asymptomatic men.

Methods: Data were from the 2007 to 2008 National Survey of Primary Care Physicians' Practices Regarding Prostate Cancer Screening.

African american primary care physicians' prostate cancer screening practices.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. African American (AA) men have greater prostate cancer burden than other men. Little is known about AA primary care physicians' (PCPs) practices regarding prostate cancer screening.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among men with a history of prostate cancer.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been commonly used among Americans; however, less is known about its use among men with a history of prostate cancer. This study used the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to explore the amount and type of CAM use among 218 Black and White men with a history of prostate cancer. Over 90% of men reported having ever used any form of CAM and most men used biologically-based and mind-body therapies.

Prostate cancer screening practices of African-American and non-African-American US primary care physicians: a cross-sectional survey.

Purpose: We explored whether African-American (AA) primary care physicians (PCPs) have different prostate cancer screening practices compared to non-AA PCPs, after adjustment for potential confounding factors such as the proportion of AA patients in PCP practices.

Methods: We used SAS/SUDAAN to compare weighted responses from AA PCPs (n = 604) with those from non-AA PCPs (n = 647) in the 2007-2008 National Survey of Primary Care Physician Practices Regarding Prostate Cancer Screening. We used multivariate logistic regression to calculate the weighted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Primary care physician reports of amount of time spent with male patients in prostate cancer screening discussions.

Background: Major health organizations recommend that physicians discuss the risks and benefits of prostate cancer screening with men before ordering tests. The length of time that health care providers spend discussing prostate cancer screening-related issues with patients has been given little attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of time that primary care physicians (PCP) in the United States reported spending in discussions about prostate cancer screening with patients by selected PCP individual, practice-related, and screening-related factors.

Discussions about prostate cancer screening between U.S. primary care physicians and their patients.

Objective: This study examined the likelihood that U.S. primary care physicians (PCPs) discuss and recommend prostate cancer screening with their patients and physician-related and practice-related factors associated with this behavior.

Trends in prostate-specific antigen test use, 2000-2005.

Objective: This study examined prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test use among men and identified sociodemographic and health-related characteristics associated with its use over time.

Methods: The National Health Interview Survey collected information on PSA test use among 16,058 men > or = 40 years of age in 2000 and 2005. We examined two outcomes: (1) having had a recent (within two years) screening PSA test and (2) having had three or more PSA tests in the past five years (to indicate frequent use).

Racial differences in PSA screening interval and stage at diagnosis.

Objectives: This study examined PSA screening interval of black and white men aged 65 or older and its association with prostate cancer stage at diagnosis.

Methods: SEER-Medicare data were examined for 18,067 black and white men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1994 and 2002. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between race, PSA screening interval, and stage at diagnosis.

Prostate-specific antigen test use and digital rectal examinations among African-American men, 2002-2006.

African-American men experience greater incidence and mortality from prostate cancer compared to White men as well as men from other groups. Few studies have examined prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE) use in African-American men. This study examined use of the PSA test and DRE among African-American men over time and identified correlates associated with the use of these procedures.

Physician-patient discussions with african american men about prostate cancer screening.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer killer in men. Men in general and African American men in particular face crucial decisions regarding prostate cancer screening and perhaps treatment for this disease. Major health organizations agree that men should discuss prostate cancer screening with their physicians or other health care professionals.

Patterns in prostate-specific antigen test use and digital rectal examinations in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002-2006.

Background: Studies have examined prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE) use among men; however, few have examined use of these procedures together over time. This study examined use of the PSA test and DRE among men over time and identified correlates associated with test use for the PSA test only, the DRE only, and both procedures combined.

Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) collected information on prostate cancer test use among 229,574 men aged 40 or older over 3 years (2002, 2004, and 2006).

Differences in lower urinary tract symptoms, treatment and mortality among African-American and white elderly men.

Background: There are limited population-based studies of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men, and most studies examined to date have been restricted to predominately white populations. This study examines treatment and all-cause mortality among a cohort of African-American and white men aged > or =65 with BPH/LUTS symptoms over time.

Methods: Data were collected from the Piedmont Health Survey of the Elderly-Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly for 5 North Carolina counties from 1994 (N=502) to 1998 (N=322).

Prayer and self-reported health among cancer survivors in the United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2002.

Objectives: At least 10.8 million living Americans have been diagnosed with cancer, and about 1.5 million new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2008.

Use of the prostate-specific antigen test among U.S. men: findings from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey.

Background: Although evidence that prostate cancer deaths are reduced by screening for elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration coupled with early diagnosis and treatment is insufficient to advocate routine screening for prostate cancer, PSA testing has become more common in the past decade. We examined characteristics that might influence testing and compared test use between men ages 40 to 49 and 50 to 79 years.

Methods: We used data from 7,669 participants with no history of prostate cancer in the 2005 National Health Interview Survey.

The effect of physician-patient discussions on the likelihood of prostate-specific antigen testing.

Many medical and professional organizations agree that men should discuss the advantages and disadvantages of testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with their physicians before undergoing testing. In the 2000 National Health Interview Survey, men who had undergone a PSA test in the past were asked about their use of this test and discussions they had with physicians regarding its advantages and disadvantages. Among a group of 2,188 black and white men aged 40-79 years with no history of prostate cancer and a history of testing for PSA, we examined whether physician-patient discussions mediated the relationship between race and PSA testing.

Formative evaluation of the prostate cancer screening practices of African-American physicians.

Background: Clinical guidelines for using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test as a population-based tool vary. This study qualitatively explores the prostate cancer screening practices of African-American primary care physicians.

Methods: Eight telephone focus groups were conducted with 41 African-American primary care physicians from 22 states.

Using telephone focus groups methodology to examine the prostate cancer screening practices of African-American primary care physicians.

African-American men have a greater burden from prostate cancer than do white men and men of other races/ethnicities in the United States. To date, there have been no studies of how African-American primary care physicians screen their patients for prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of telephone focus groups as a methodology and to learn about this practice among a group of African-American primary care physicians.

Age, race, and repeated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test use in the National Health Interview Survey.

Background: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test use was examined in US men aged > or = 40 years to clarify the relationship with age and race.

Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (2000) collected information about PSA test use in a representative sample of the US population.

Awareness and use of the prostate-specific antigen test among African-American men.

Although African-American men have a greater burden of prostate cancer than whites and other racial and ethnic groups, few studies on the burden of prostate cancer have focused on African Americans specifically. We used a sample of African-American men (N = 736) who participated in the 2000 National Health Interview Survey to explore their awareness of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Among African-American men aged > or = 45 with no history of prostate cancer, 63% had heard of the PSA test and 48% had been tested.

Prostate-specific antigen test use reported in the 2000 National Health Interview Survey.

Background: In 2000, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) collected information about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test use in a representative sample of U.S. men.

To screen or not to screen, when clinical guidelines disagree: primary care physicians' use of the PSA test.

Background: Clinical guidelines for using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test as a population-based screening tool vary considerably. This study qualitatively explored primary care physicians' PSA screening practices and their understanding of the PSA screening controversy.

Methods: Fourteen telephone focus groups were conducted with 75 primary care physicians practicing in 35 US states.

African American men, prostate cancer screening and informed decision making.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in African American men. African Americans are at increased risk over other groups and have higher mortality. Since prostate cancer is highly variable among men, medical organizations are not in agreement whether men should be screened or the appropriate ages to screen.