The Role of the Multidisciplinary HIV Care Center in Mitigating Social Isolation Among Patients with HIV During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic.

As the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, significant public health mitigation efforts were vital to combat an unprecedented health crisis. These efforts, which involved social distancing and self-quarantine, likely worsened a public health crisis of social isolation and loneliness in the U.S.

Developing and testing a web-based platform for antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence support among adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV.

Objective: Describe the development and testing of a web-based platform for antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence support among HIV+ adolescents and young adults (AYA) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: A seven-member multi-disciplinary team operationalized the flat, password protected, web-based platform. Manualized protocols guided the objectives and content for each of the eight web-based sessions.

Trends in U.S. HIV Peer Health Worker Training Strategies and Approaches: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Peer health workers (peers) are commonly engaged interventionists in the HIV care spectrum. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the range of evidence on training strategies and approaches for peer-led HIV behavioral interventions in the United States. Four electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) were searched for peer-reviewed published literature (2010-2021) of peer-led HIV behavioral interventions directed to improving antiretroviral therapy adherence and/or retention in care.

Evaporative cooling via panting and its metabolic and water balance costs for lizards in the American Southwest.

In lizards there is considerable variation in the ability to dissipate environmental/endogenous heat loads through evaporative cooling via panting, which effects how long lizards can spend exposed to high solar heat loads. We recently described the differing capacities of lizards to depress body temperature (Tb) through evaporative cooling via panting. Here, we link panting and Tb depression with rates of evaporative water loss and its metabolic costs under high heat loads.

Addressing Legal Needs as Violence Prevention: A National Survey of Legal Services Offered through Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs.

Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) provide comprehensive services to survivors of community violence to address social determinants of health (SDOH) as risks factors for future violence. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) integrate lawyers into health care teams to address SDOH through the application of the law. Despite shared purposes, it is unknown if HVIP-MLPs exist.

Law Enforcement and Patient Privacy Among Survivors of Violence: A Nationwide Mixed-Methods Study.

Introduction: During the emergent treatment of violently injured patients, law enforcement (LE) officers and health care providers frequently interact. Both have duties to protect patient health, rights, and public health, however, the balance of these duties may feel at odds. The purpose of this study is to assess hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP) representatives' experiences with LE officers among survivors of violence and the impact of hospital policies on interactions with LE officers.

Health Effects of Policing in Hospitals: a Narrative Review.

Importance: Law enforcement activity, in the form of outside agencies or hospital security forces, is increasingly common in American healthcare. Little is known about the potential effects of this prevalent, modifiable exposure on hospital staff and patient health. This narrative review characterizes existing evidence on the direct and indirect health effects of law enforcement activity in hospitals.

Fifteen-minute guide to managing oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease affecting children and young people today. However, it is not a single disease entity, but an umbrella term that gathers together a heterogeneous collection of complex, chronic inflammatory conditions with oligoarticular JIA the most common form in both Europe and North America. Due to its relative rarity in daily practice and potential to mimic other conditions, oligoarticular JIA can present a diagnostic and management challenge to healthcare professionals in both primary care and general paediatrics.

The functional significance of panting as a mechanism of thermoregulation and its relationship to the critical thermal maxima in lizards.

Because most desert-dwelling lizards rely primarily on behavioral thermoregulation for the maintenance of active body temperature, the effectiveness of panting as a thermoregulatory mechanism for evaporative cooling has not been widely explored. We measured changes in body temperature () with increasing air temperature () for 17 species of lizards that range across New Mexico and Arizona and quantified the temperatures associated with the onset of panting, and the capacity of individuals to depress below while panting, and estimated the critical thermal maxima (CT) for each individual. We examined these variables as a function of phylogeny, body mass and local acclimatization temperature.

Use of adrenaline continuous infusion to treat hypotension during general anaesthesia in a cow and a calf.

Background: Hypotension is one of the most common complications observed during inhalation anaesthesia in veterinary patients. Treatment of hypotension in cattle is more challenging than in other species, owing to the limited number of drugs licensed in food producing animals. The use of adrenaline as an infusion to support blood pressure has not been described previously in bovines.

Maternal and fetal arterial blood gas data in normotensive, singleton, isoflurane anesthetized sheep at 124-126 days of gestation.

The aim of this case series was to describe the differences between maternal and fetal blood-gas results during anesthesia. Sixteen singleton adult merino ewes weighing 60.1 ± 5.

The evolution of different maternal investment strategies in two closely related desert vertebrates.

We compared egg size phenotypes and tested several predictions from the optimal egg size (OES) and bet-hedging theories in two North American desert-dwelling sister tortoise taxa, and , that inhabit different climate spaces: relatively unpredictable and more predictable climate spaces, respectively. Observed patterns in both species differed from the predictions of OES in several ways. Mean egg size increased with maternal body size in both species.

Unilateral retrobulbar hematoma following maxillary nerve block in a dog.

Objective: To describe the clinical findings and management of a case of retrobulbar hematoma formation secondary to performance of a maxillary nerve block in a dog.

Case Summary: An 11-year-old dog was presented for a routine dental procedure including dental extraction to be performed under general anesthesia. After premedication with intramuscular methadone, anesthesia was induced with intravenous alfaxalone until depth of anesthesia was sufficient to allow orotracheal intubation.

The effect of dobutamine and bolus crystalloid fluids on the cardiovascular function of isoflurane-anaesthetised horses.

Reasons For Performing Study: Cardiac output does not always increase with dobutamine administration in anaesthetised horses and information on peripheral perfusion is lacking.

Objectives: To determine the effect of intravenous (i.v.

Phenothiazinium photoantimicrobials with basic side chains.

Derivatives of the standard cationic photosensitiser, methylene blue, were synthesised, having extra amino (basic) functionality in the auxochromic side-chain. The resulting analogues were profiled for photodynamic activity in vitro, and screened against standard Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for photobactericidal activity. The substitution pattern of the derivatives was such that ionisation of the amino groups in situ, via protonation, provided a range of charge distribution and degree of charge across the molecular framework.

Seeding of tumour cells following breast biopsy: a literature review.

Needle biopsy of the breast is widely practised. Image guidance ensures a high degree of accuracy. However, sporadic cases of disease recurrence suggest that in some cases the procedure itself may contribute to this complication.

Cognitive impairment among older adults with late-life schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Neurologists are increasingly faced with the daunting task of disentangling dementia from primary psychiatric conditions or recognizing their coexistence in older patients. Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterized by substantial intergroup cognitive heterogeneity among older and younger patients. In schizophrenia, deficits in many cognitive domains are common; however, "rapid forgetting," loss of crystallized knowledge, and greater than age-normal declines in cognitive function are rare and warrant careful evaluation for secondary causes.

Phenothiazinium photosensitisers VII: novel substituted asymmetric N-benzylphenothiaziniums as photoantimicrobial agents.

The synthesis of asymmetrical analogues of methylene blue, in which one of the dimethylamino groups is replaced by a diethylamino or di-n-propylamino group, and the other by benzylamino or 4-substituted benzylamino, is reported, the substituents being alkyl, alkoxyl or halogen. As expected, because of their longer alkyl chains these diethylamino- and di-n-propylamino derivatives proved to be considerably more lipophilic than the parent compound methylene blue, while maintaining suitable maximum absorption wavelengths and singlet oxygen efficiencies for photoantimicrobial use. Also as expected, in screening tests against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the substituted benzylamino derivatives were highly active on illumination, presumably via singlet oxygen damage, and exhibited considerably increased activity against both classes relative to that of the standard, methylene blue.

Photoantimicrobials as a potential local approach to geriatric UTIs.

Aims: To test the efficacy of acceptable photoantimicrobial agents against bacterial pathogens implicated in complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in comparison with conventionally employed antibacterials.

Methods And Results: Toluidine blue (TB), methylene blue (MB), 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), trimethoprim and levofloxacin were employed in the study against the typical UTI-implicated pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis. Standard bacterial cell culture was used to assay the activity both in the dark and under 660-nm LED-illuminated conditions.