Effectiveness of optical treatment in amblyopia and validation of measuring spectacle compliance with the ODM.

Purpose: The improvement in visual acuity (VA) was determined during optical treatment in children with amblyopia before their participation in a randomised clinical trial comparing the effect of dichoptic video gaming using virtual reality goggles with occlusion therapy.

Methods: Children aged 4-12 years with an interocular VA difference ≥0.20 logMAR and an amblyogenic factor: strabismus <30Δ, ≥1.

Skeletal changes after midface surgery in patients with craniofacial deformities: a three-dimensional quantification method.

To determine the skeletal changes after midface surgery in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis who underwent Le Fort III (LFIII), monobloc (MB), or facial bipartition (FB). This was a retrospective study including 75 patients: 33 treated by LFIII, 29 by MB, and 13 by FB. Twenty-five had a diagnosis of Apert, 39 Crouzon, and 11 craniofrontonasal syndrome.

Quantitative Detection and Follow-Up of Intracranial Hypertension in Craniosynostosis: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Background: In patients with craniosynostosis, the authors evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of fundoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect intracranial hypertension (ICH), the time course of retinal thickness after treatment of ICH, and the relationship between high hyperopia (HH) and fundoscopy/OCT scan findings.

Methods: Patients with syndromic, multisuture, unicoronal, unilambdoid, or sagittal synostosis visiting the authors' national center were included in this longitudinal cohort study and formed a consecutive series. Retinal layers on OCT, OCT fundus images, and fundoscopy results were evaluated.

Pre-Operative Ocular Findings and Long-Term Follow-Up in a Large Cohort of Non-Syndromic Unicoronal Craniosynostosis.

(1) Background: Non-syndromic unicoronal craniosynostosis (UCS) is associated with a high prevalence of ocular anomalies. Currently, the etiology of this association remains obscure, however, it is presumed to be primarily attributed to their orbital malformations and/or secondary to craniofacial surgery. We assessed pre-operative ophthalmological examinations of non-syndromic UCS patients and compared them with their postoperative outcomes and long-term follow-up.

Eye and Orbital Anatomy in Metopic Synostosis.

Background: Metopic synostosis patients have a high prevalence of orthoptic anomalies, including hyperopia, astigmatism, and amblyopia. We hypothesized altered orbital anatomy contributes to suboptimal visual outcomes by adversely affecting eye anatomy and growth from early life onward. Therefore, we aimed to investigate eye and orbital anatomy in metopic synostosis.

Torticollis in Non-Syndromic Unicoronal Craniosynostosis Is Predominantly Ocular Related.

(1) Background: Patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis (UCS) often show torticollis which can result from either an ocular cause or contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. For clinicians, it is crucial to know the prevalence of ocular torticollis (OT) to ensure appropriate referral for treatment. Furthermore, associated ophthalmic features with OT in these patients are scarcely described.

Effect of Midface Surgery on Ocular Outcomes in Patients with Orbital and Midface Malformations.

(1) Background: Orbital and midface malformations occur in multiple craniofacial disorders. Depending on the deformity, surgical corrections include orbital box osteotomy (OBO), Le Fort III (LFIII), monobloc (MB), and facial bipartition (FB). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of these procedures on ocular outcomes.

Supervised dichoptic gaming versus monitored occlusion therapy for childhood amblyopia: Effectiveness and efficiency.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and efficiency of supervised dichoptic action-videogame play to occlusion therapy in children with amblyopia.

Methods: Newly diagnosed children with amblyopia aged 4-12 years were recruited, excluding strabismus >30PD. After 16 weeks of refractive adaptation children were randomized to gaming 1 h/week supervised by the researcher, or electronically monitored occlusion 2 h/day.

How do parents experience patching or dichoptic action video gaming as amblyopia treatment? A qualitative study exploring treatment preferences and information needs to facilitate decision-making.

Purpose: To explore parents' experiences, preferences and information needs when either patching treatment or dichoptic action video gaming is used as an amblyopia treatment for their child.

Methods: A qualitative study was carried out on parents whose newly diagnosed amblyopic children participated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effects of dichoptic action video gaming versus patching. A purposive heterogenic sample was selected for an additional interview after the study period.

Early prediction of severe retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser treatment using physiological data.

Background: Early risk stratification for developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is essential for tailoring screening strategies and preventing abnormal retinal development. This study aims to examine the ability of physiological data during the first postnatal month to distinguish preterm infants with and without ROP requiring laser treatment.

Methods: In this cohort study, preterm infants with a gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g, who were screened for ROP were included.

Detection of visual field defects using Eye Movement Pediatric Perimetry in children with intracranial lesions: feasibility and applicability.

The study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of Eye Movement Pediatric Perimetry (EMPP) among children in detecting Visual Field Defects (VFDs) associated with Intracranial Lesions (IL). Healthy controls (n = 35) and patients diagnosed with IL (n = 19) underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation followed by a Goldmann Visual Field (GVF) and a customised EMPP protocol. During EMPP, all the participants were encouraged to fixate on a central target and initiate Saccadic Eye Movement (SEM) responses towards randomly appearing peripheral stimuli.

The use of OCT to detect signs of intracranial hypertension in patients with sagittal suture synostosis: Reference values and correlations.

Purpose: To obtain pediatric normative reference values and determine whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) corresponds better with clinical signs of intracranial hypertension (ICH) compared to the traditional screening method fundoscopy in a large cohort of one type of single suture craniosynostosis.

Methods: Control subjects without optic nerve diseases and isolated sagittal synostosis patients aged 3-10 years who underwent fundoscopy and OCT were included in this prospective cohort study. Normative reference values were obtained through bootstrap analysis.

Prevalence of Ocular Anomalies in Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the ophthalmic abnormalities and their prevalence in craniosynostosis prior to craniofacial surgery.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Medline OVID, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Web of Science Core Collection. Inclusion criteria were English papers, children aged <18 years with non-syndromic and syndromic craniosynostosis, case reports, case series, and case-control studies.

Ocular and adnexal anomalies in Treacher Collins syndrome: a retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare craniofacial disorder characterized by bilateral hypoplasia of facial structures and periorbital, ocular, and adnexal anomalies. The purpose of this multicenter study was to report the prevalence of ocular and adnexal anomalies in TCS and to identify patients at risk for visual impairment.

Methods: The medical records of patients seen at four craniofacial centers were reviewed retrospectively.

Early onset X-linked female limited high myopia in three multigenerational families caused by novel mutations in the ARR3 gene.

This study describes the clinical spectrum and genetic background of high myopia caused by mutations in the ARR3 gene. We performed an observational case series of three multigenerational families with high myopia (SER≤-6D), from the departments of Clinical Genetics and Ophthalmology of a tertiary Dutch hospital. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) with a vision-related gene panel was performed, followed by a full open exome sequencing.

Early Screening of Visual Processing Dysfunctions in Children Born Very or Extremely Preterm.

Children with early brain damage or dysfunction are at risk of developing cerebral visual impairment (CVI), including visual processing dysfunctions (VPD), which currently remain largely undetected until school age. Our aim was to systematically screen for possible VPD in children born very or extremely preterm from 1 to 2 years corrected age (CA) and to evaluate the effectiveness of early referral. We included = 48 children born < 30 weeks from 1 year CA.

Quantified Retinal Morphology and Its Association With Papilledema and Visual Acuity in Syndromic and Complex Craniosynostosis: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Purpose: This study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of retinal thinning and the correlation with papilledema and visual acuity (VA) in a large population with craniosynostosis.

Design: Prospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: All and complex patients syndromic and complex with craniosynostosis who visited the only national referral center between 2018 and 2020 were included.

Barriers to successful dichoptic treatment for amblyopia in young children.

Purpose: In an ongoing randomised clinical trial comparing dichoptic VR video games with patching for amblyopia, we evaluated any potential barriers to successful use of this novel amblyopia treatment method.

Methods: From December 2017, all newly diagnosed amblyopic children were recruited. Excluded were children under age 4 and patients with strabismus exceeding 30PD.

Ocular and adnexal anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: Type and prevalence in a multicentre cohort study.

The aim of this multicentre retrospective cohort study was to describe and categorize the types of ocular and adnexal anomalies seen in patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and to determine their prevalence. In addition, the relationship between the OMENS-Plus and Pruzansky-Kaban classification for each patient and the presence of ocular anomalies was investigated. A total of 881 patients with CFM from four different craniofacial centres were included.