Hyperspectral microscopy of subcutaneously released silver nanoparticles reveals sex differences in drug distribution.

Biomaterials have a great potential to improve human health, however in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to provide information on their efficacy and safety. This study reports on a comprehensive evaluation of core-shell electrospun fibers loaded with silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) where the delivery rate was controlled by different sizes of Ag NP and thermoresponsive poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel particles. Fiber meshes also contain zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP), to improve pore structure for controlled release of Ag NP.

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Augment Allergic Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation by Promoting Cysteinyl Leukotriene Production.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been reported to promote lung inflammation and fibrosis. The commercial demand for nanoparticle-based materials has expanded rapidly and as demand for nanomaterials grows, so does the urgency of establishing an appreciation of the degree of health risk associated with their increased production and exposure. In this study, we examined whether MWCNT inhalation elicited pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and influenced the development of allergic airway inflammatory responses.

Air pollution is associated with brainstem auditory nuclei pathology and delayed brainstem auditory evoked potentials.

We assessed brainstem inflammation in children exposed to air pollutants by comparing brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and blood inflammatory markers in children age 96.3±8.5 months from highly polluted (n=34) versus a low polluted city (n=17).

Urban air pollution produces up-regulation of myocardial inflammatory genes and dark chocolate provides cardioprotection.

Air pollution is a serious environmental problem. Elderly subjects show increased cardiac morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution exposure. Mexico City (MC) residents are chronically exposed to high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM(2.

Cutting edge: lung mucosal Th17-mediated responses induce polymeric Ig receptor expression by the airway epithelium and elevate secretory IgA levels.

Polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) is a central player in mucosal immunity that mediates the delivery of polymeric IgA and IgM to the apical surface of epithelial cells via transcytosis. Emerging evidence suggests that Th17 cells not only mediate autoimmunity but also play key roles in mucosal host defense against pathogens. We demonstrate that OVA-specific CD4(+) Th17 cells, in addition to causing neutrophilic inflammation in mice, mediated a pronounced influx of CD19(+) B cells into the lungs following Ag inhalation.

Urban air pollution: influences on olfactory function and pathology in exposed children and young adults.

Mexico City (MC) residents are exposed to severe air pollution and exhibit olfactory bulb inflammation. We compared the olfactory function of individuals living under conditions of extreme air pollution to that of controls from a relatively clean environment and explore associations between olfaction scores, apolipoprotein E (APOE) status, and pollution exposure. The olfactory bulbs (OBs) of 35 MC and 9 controls 20.

Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with neuroinflammation, an altered innate immune response, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, ultrafine particulate deposition, and accumulation of amyloid beta-42 and alpha-synuclein in children and young adults.

Air pollution is a serious environmental problem. We investigated whether residency in cities with high air pollution is associated with neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration in healthy children and young adults who died suddenly. We measured mRNA cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1beta, and CD14 in target brain regions from low (n = 12) or highly exposed residents (n = 35) aged 25.