Making Sense of Sanctions: An Agent-Based Model of Sanction Recognition.

Theories of norm emergence are a central building block for comprehending the emergence of society. The article investigates a central terminus in theories of norms, in particular rational choice theory: The notion of sanctions. Sanctions are an unexplained theoretical term for securing norm conformity.

Do mandibular complete dentures made using a neutral zone technique improve speech?-A pilot study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate speech sound production (SSP) in older edentulous patients provided with two different types of mandibular complete dentures (MCDs; conventional vs neutral zone).

Background: Regarding the fact that complete dentures (CDs) affect SSP, it is unknown whether the set-up of the artificial teeth resulting from the neutral zone technique leads to a negative impact on SSP.

Materials And Methods: For 21 participants, a conventional MCD and a MCD using a modified neutral zone technique (neutral zone dentures) were fabricated.

Using a Modified Neutral Zone Technique to Improve the Stability of Mandibular Complete Dentures: A Prospective Clinical Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement in mandibular complete dentures (MCD) stability using a modified neutral zone technique (MNZT).

Materials And Methods: For 21 patients who were dissatisfied with their primary MCD, MCDs were fabricated using the MNZT.

Results: Nearly all of the patients showed considerable improvement in oral health-related quality of life, and 85.

Effectiveness of Computer-Based Training on Toothbrush Skills of Patients Treated With Crowns: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: This study was conducted to assess plaque removal skills in patients with fixed dental prostheses (FDP), and effectiveness of computer-based training (CBT) of different brushing techniques (Fones versus Bass technique in their common modifications).

Methods: Ninety-three patients with FDP were randomly allocated to one of three training groups: 1) C (control group); 2) F (Fones technique group); and 3) B (Bass technique group). All patients received CBT of the basics of toothbrushing.

Template-guided flapless implant insertion and prosthetic rehabilitation with telescopic crowns in a patient with treated generalized aggressive periodontitis: a case report.

Implant therapy offers a wide range of possibilities in prosthetics. Especially for completely edentulous patients with early tooth loss due to periodontitis, implant therapy is an option to regain a comfortable, esthetic dental rehabilitation. Several studies have indicated that osseointegrated implants can be placed successfully in periodontally compromised patients but with lower survival and success rates than in uncompromised patients.

Functional state of the mandible and rolling-gliding characteristics in the TMJ.

For the physiological intact stomatognathic system, the three main functional states (occlusat articular functions, free mandibular movements, and ideal bolus function) were biomechanically discussed concerning the structure of movement, rolling-gliding characteristics, and force transfer in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In all three cases, rolling is not possible in the TMJ since the instantaneous rotational axis is positioned outside of the joint-rolling is not necessary because the TMJ is not loaded by appreciable forces. In the aged stomatognathic system with a lost discus and considerable Loads in the TMJ, however, the attrition of the joint is eased by rolling movement at the articulating surfaces.

[The influence of major connectors of partial dentures of phonation: an instrumental analysis of speech].

After the insertion of removable dentures for restoring partially edentulous arches, phonation is affected by many factors, of which many influences are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of various construction elements of maxillary and mandibular partial dentures on the formations of plosives, nasals, lateral approximates and fricatives. Twenty-four patients were included in the study.

A clinical follow-up study of magnetically retained overdentures (Dyna-system).

This study reports on 99 magnetic retention units (root caps and minimagnets) were used to stabilise overdentures in 66 patients. Tooth mobility, root caries, periodontal health, denture function, integrity of root caps and minimagnets were evaluated 4-12 years after insertion. The results showed a marked reduction in root mobility (increased stability in 86% of the roots), but extraction of 8% of the roots.

Long-term experience with telescopically retained overdentures (double crown technique).

To evaluate the long term results of telescopically retained overdentures, 92 patients with a total of 106 overdentures on 236 teeth were examined after two to eleven years. Thirty-three teeth were lost during the follow-up period. A higher tooth survival rate of the double-crowned teeth was found under mandibular overdentures (92%) than under maxillary overdentures (86%) after five years.

Long-term electromyography as a possible diagnostic aid for detecting craniomandibular dysfunctions.

As there is a positive correlation between oral parafunctional habits and craniomandibular disorders, objective electromyographic findings on parafunctional jaw activities could be very interesting for the diagnosis and management of craniomandibular disorders. The described pocket-sized and battery-operated electromyographic measuring device fulfils the essential requirements for monitoring and recording parafunctional activity in a chosen time period. It is easy to handle and can therefore be operated by a trained patient.

[Functional craniomandibular disorders and ENT-symptoms].

Complaints in the otolaryngologic region, that cannot be referred to an otolaryngological pathologic process, are often caused by or combined with craniomandibular dysfunctions. As a rule these complaints are not the result of direct mechanical irritation of the articular tissues, but the effect of neuromuscular incoordination and spasms. Consequently the term "Costen's syndrome" is obsolete and should be used no more.

[Operative correction of dysgnathism as preprosthetic management].

The prosthetic management of edentulous patients with skeletal dysgnatism is difficult. Surgical treatment as Le-Fort-I-osteotomy or sagittal split and rigid fixation with plates can be helpful. Technique, indications and additional procedures are introduced in two clinical cases.

[Influence of registration plate placement on axiographic tracings of mandibular movement in transverse plane mandible].

In all achsiographic techniques a non perpendicular alignment and adjustment of the sagittal-vertical registration plates to the centric positioned hinge axis leads to an incorrect recording of mandibular movements. Among other things the dimension of the registration error decisively depends on the quality and quantity of the angle of hinge axis inclination. The achsiographies of 234 patients were analysed.

[Influence of occlusion on head posture, during periods of continuous intermaxillary pressure].

The influence of divergent splint-adjusted maximum intercuspation on head posture during prolonged phases of clenching was studied in five subjects. During clenching in maximum intercuspation profound changes of head posture were observed, if intercuspation was not harmonized with an upright posture of head and body. Since the interrelation between occlusion and head posture is established a comprehensive approach of orthopedic, physiotherapeutic, and dental measures, in particular for the therapy of myoarthropathy patients with cervical spine symptoms seems appropriate.

[Results of incorrectly positioned hinge axis on axiographic tracings of mandibular movement].

This article deals with the different influences of an incorrectly located or arbitrary hinge axis upon axiographic tracings of mandibular movements. Unless the recorded curvatures of the three-dimensional pathways of the condyles start from true hinge axis points, paraxial distortions of the tracings will be the result. These recording errors can be so outstanding, that essential advantages of the modern electronical registration systems like the possibility of high-resolution measurement will become uncertain.

[Considerations of precision and consistance of mandibular transverse hinge axis].

This paper deals with the nature of mandibular hinge axis and the consequences for its application in diagnostics and treatment. The transversal hinge axis of the mandible can be characterized as an exact and true axis of pure mandibular rotation or a more or less exactly located axis as a result of a combined rotation and translation of the condyles. During opening movements of about 8 mm already an insignificant gliding of the condyles of 0.

[Determination of transverse resilience of human temporomandibular joint].

Transversal TMJ-resiliency is defined as a possible movement of the condyles exclusively in the lateromedial direction. The extent of this individual and variable shifting of the condyles can be recorded and reproduced using high-resolution electronic axiography and a special manipulating technique by the dentist. A study on 52 patients showed an average value of 0.

[Evaluation and classification of dysfunction patients].

The "Stomatognathic-Dysfunction-Index" (SDI) comprises anamnestic and clinical information regarding occlusion, TMJ, head- and neck muscles. The different SDI parameters were chosen in a way that enables them to lead to a firm statement regarding the individual dysfunction. The examination results are easily reproduceable in the sense of a "intra- and inter-examiner reliability" and the scores can be reattributed to individual combinations of symptoms.

[The neuromuscular effect of anterior guidance on the protrusive movement pattern of the mandible. Observations in the horizontal plane].

The influence of a temporarily altered anterior guidance on mandibular movement patterns of tooth-guided and non-guided protrusion was examined in a clinical study on 20 patients, all with complete sets of teeth. Registration and recordings of movements were done with the computer-aided ultrasonic measuring system MT 1602. Based on an average measuring time of 40 min for each patient the main results were as follows: 1.

[Bactericidal effects of antiseptic gypsum].

In tests with plaster models we inspected the antibacterial effect of the dental plasters Dento-rock and Dento-dur. The results show, that models consisting of plaster that contains Chloramin T 80 were free of bacteria, even when produced from bacterial contaminated alginate impressions. After separation of the plaster models from the alginate impressions, a bactericide effect could be traced to a layer of 220 microns below the surface of the alginate.

[Comparative analytic occlusal study of clinical use of T-scan systems].

Occlusal corrections are dependent on a precise registration. The T-Scan system has recently been presented to the market as an innovative, computer-aided device, capable of providing exact information regarding position, strength and frequency of occlusal contacts. The diagnostic validity of this technique was tested in a comparing study on 16 patients.

[Is the T-scan system a relevant diagnostic method for occlusal control?].

The T-Scan system has recently been introduced to the market as a computer-aided device for direct monitoring and documentation of individual occlusal patterns. To receive first assessments of diagnostic relevance of this method, sensitivity and planar resolution capacities of the T-Scan system was tested in an in-vitro study, that showed a lack in the resolution capacity and an excessive variation in sensor sensitivity. Therefore the clinical use of the system is very limited.