Predicting longitudinal changes in patterns of tobacco and nicotine product use among adolescents: A Latent Transition Analysis based on the X:IT study.

Introduction: Understanding factors influencing the transition from non-use to tobacco and nicotine product initiation among adolescents is crucial for designing and implementing effective preventive strategies. This study explores transition patterns among 13-15-year-old adolescents in lower secondary school, focusing on the transition from non-use to tobacco and nicotine product initiation and the influence of individual, social, risk behavioral, and mental health factors on this transition.

Methods: Based on data from a Danish smoking prevention trial between 2017 and 2019, this study employed questionnaire surveys at three time points: baseline (start of seventh grade, n = 1,990, response rate = 86.

Factors sustaining legitimacy of smoking in Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools: a qualitative needs assessment.

Background: Most adult smokers started smoking in their teenage years, which increases the risk of nicotine dependence. In Denmark, there is a high prevalence of youth smoking among students in Vocational Education and Training (VET). However, reducing and preventing smoking in this group is a major challenge.

Context matters in smoking prevention: evaluating smoke-free school hours in Danish vocational schools.

Youth is a crucial period for smoking preventive interventions. School-based interventions targeting the policy level and the sociocultural processes of smoking show promising effects in reducing smoking uptake and prevalence. This study presents findings from the qualitative process evaluation of a smoking preventive intervention, Focus, in the vocational school (VET) setting.

Effectiveness of the multi-component intervention 'Focus' on reducing smoking among students in the vocational education setting: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Social inequality in smoking remains an important public health issue. Upper secondary schools offering vocational education and training (VET) comprise more students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and have higher smoking prevalence than general high schools. This study examined the effects of a school-based multi-component intervention on students' smoking.

Evaluating the Effects of Denmark's New Tobacco Control Act on Young People's Use of Nicotine Products: A Study Protocol of the §SMOKE Study.

(1) Background: In December 2020, a broad majority of political parties in Denmark agreed on a new tobacco control act. In addition, price increases on tobacco in 2020 and 2022 became part of the Danish Finance Act. This study protocol describes the study "§SMOKE-A Study of Tobacco, Behavior, and Regulations" designed to monitor and evaluate the implementation and effect of the new strengthened tobacco control acts.

Exploring factors associated with smokeless tobacco use among young people: A systematic scoping review.

Purpose: While smoking is declining among young people, smokeless tobacco use is increasing. Identifying who is using smokeless tobacco and why is essential in preventing smokeless tobacco use. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the factors of young people's use of smokeless tobacco in western countries and identify research gaps.

Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdown Period Among Youth and Young Adults in Denmark.

Introduction: Cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (snus and nicotine pouches) are prevalent among youth and young adults in Denmark. Here, we examined the extent of changes in the use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco during the first Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown in March and April 2020 in Denmark as well as reasons for changed behavior.

Aims And Methods: This study used data from a nationwide survey conducted among 15- to 29-year-olds from January to March 2021 including 13 530 respondents (response rate = 36.

Use of Tobacco and Nicotine Products among Young People in Denmark-Status in Single and Dual Use.

Lots of new tobacco or nicotine products are being launched, e.g., e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, which appeal especially to the youngest part of the population.

Trends in Use of Alcohol and Cigarettes among Danish Adolescents, 2002-2018: Exclusive and Dual Use.

Many young adolescents experiment with substance use which can have substantial health implications later in life. This study examined trends in substance use among Danish adolescents from 2002 to 2018, including exclusive and dual current use of alcohol and cigarettes. Data on 13- and 15-year-olds (N = 15,295) from five comparable cross-sectional Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys were used.

Who are the young users of tobacco products? Prevalence and characteristics of Danish adolescents who have either smoked cigarettes, used alternative tobacco products, or used both.

Aims: We examined characteristics (smoking in social relations, binge drinking, and well-being measures) of Danish 13-year-olds in relation to their tobacco use patterns. Ever use of cigarettes exclusively, ever use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs; e-cigarettes, snus, or waterpipe) exclusively, and use of both cigarettes and ATPs were studied.

Methods: We used self-reported data from students at 46 Danish schools in 2017 comprising 2,307 students (response rate = 86%).

Socioeconomic Differences in Cigarette Smoking and Alternative Tobacco Product Use Among Adolescents in a School-Based Smoking Preventive Intervention: Findings From the Second Year of the X:IT II Study.

Background: Health interventions may differently impact adolescents from diverse backgrounds. This study examined whether a smoking preventive intervention was equally effective in preventing cigarette smoking and use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs, i.e.

Price elasticity of demand for cigarettes among youths in high-income countries: a systematic review.

Smoking in youth remains a major public health issue. As increasing tobacco prices is considered one of the most effective prevention strategies, examining youth's responsiveness to price changes on cigarettes will provide crucial knowledge. This study aims systematically to review research examining the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes among youths (<30 years of age) in high-income countries.

Socio-economic differences in smoking among adolescents in a school-based smoking intervention: The X:IT II study.

Socio-economic inequalities in health behaviour may be influenced by health interventions. We examined whether the X:IT II intervention, aiming at preventing smoking in adolescence, was equally effective among students from different occupational social classes (OSC). We used data from the multi-component school-based smoking preventive intervention X:IT II, targeting 13- to 15-year-olds in Denmark.

Assessing Differences in the Implementation of Smoke-Free Contracts-A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the School Randomized Controlled Trial X:IT.

Objective: The X:IT study is a school-based smoking preventive intervention that has previously been evaluated in a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) with good effects. However, the actual effect for participating students depends on the individual implementation. The aim of this study was to examine the implementation of smoke-free contract, which is one of the three main intervention components.

Gender and socioeconomic disparities in reasons for not smoking cigarettes among Danish adolescents.

Objective: To examine gender and socioeconomic differences in adolescents' reasons for not smoking cigarettes using self-reported data from Danish 14-year-olds (N = 1,559) collected in 2018. χ-tests were used to assess whether the proportion of students who rated 12 statements as important reasons for not smoking cigarettes differed according to gender and family occupational social class (OSC).

Results: More girls than boys stated that thinking the taste of cigarettes is disgusting, not being allowed to smoke by parents, knowing smoking is dangerous, not being allowed to smoke before the age of 18, not wanting to be addicted to smoking, and that smoking makes you smell bad were important reasons for choosing not to smoke cigarettes.

Places to Smoke: Exploring Smoking-Related Practices among Danish Adolescents.

Several established school smoking prevention initiatives involve restrictions on places to smoke. The focus on tobacco control in schools is due to the risk of smoking initiation during adolescence and the perception of this life stage as a period of time when health behavior is established. Hence, this period of time is considered to be ideal for health-promoting initiatives.

School Coordinators' Perceptions of Organizational Readiness Is Associated with Implementation Fidelity in a Smoking Prevention Program: Findings from the X:IT II Study.

School organizational readiness to implement interventions may play an important role for the actual obtained implementation level, and knowledge about organizational readiness prior to intervention start can help pinpoint how to optimize support to the schools. In this study, we applied a novel heuristic, R = MC to assess school organizational readiness prior to implementation of a multicomponent smoking prevention program. Furthermore, we examined the association to actual implementation after the first year of study.

Gender differences in attitudes towards a school-based smoking prevention intervention.

Aims: There are well-known gender differences in smoking, including the pattern of use and the effectiveness of smoking prevention programs. However, little is known about the differences between boys and girls in their attitudes towards smoking prevention interventions. This study explores gender differences in attitudes towards a school-based intervention to prevent smoking.

Estimating future smoking in Danish youth - effects of three prevention strategies.

Preventing smoking and aiding cessation among youth and young adults carries the possibility of reducing future smoking prevalence significantly. This paper estimates the impact on future smoking prevalence of 25 year olds by increasing tobacco prices, securing indoor smoke-free homes and implementing school-based multi-tiered interventions. Utilizing a multi-state Markov model, a status quo projection of the smoking prevalence from years 2017 to 2030 were compared with projections of the smoking prevalence in 2030 considering the impact of the three prevention strategies.

Trends in socioeconomic differences in daily smoking among 15-year-old Danes 1991-2014.

To examine trends in socioeconomic differences in daily smoking among 15-year-old Danes between 1991-2014, using occupational social class as indicator of socioeconomic status. : The study included 15-year-olds participating in seven Danish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children studies between 1991-2014, = 8,641. The analyses focused on absolute socioeconomic differences (prevalence difference between low and high occupational social class) and relative socioeconomic differences communicated by odds ratio for daily smoking.

Study protocol of the X:IT II - a school-based smoking preventive intervention.

Background: The X:IT intervention, conducted in 2010 to 2013, showed overall smoking preventive effect. However, parts of the intervention appeared less appealing to children from families with lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, the intervention components were modified and an evaluation of the amended intervention X:IT II is needed to show the effect of this revised intervention and whether children from different social backgrounds benefits equally from the current intervention.

Implementation fidelity and adolescent smoking: The X:IT study-A school randomized smoking prevention trial.

Background: Assessing the actual implementation of multi-component interventions can provide important knowledge for future interventions. Intervention components may be implemented differently, knowledge about this can provide an understanding of which components are essential and therefore must be included. The aim of this study was to examine the implementation of one, two, or all three main intervention components at the individual level and to assess the association to current smoking among 13 year-olds in the X:IT study.

Evaluation of the smoking intervention X:IT after the second year: A randomized controlled trial.

Review studies on the long-term effects of school-based smoking interventions show mixed results. X:IT was a three-year cluster randomized controlled trial to prevent uptake of smoking among Danish students from age 13 years until age 15 years which previously proved effective in preventing smoking after the first year of intervention. The aim of this paper was to conduct the pre-planned analyses of the effects of the X:IT intervention on smoking after the second year.

Importance of implementation level when evaluating the effect of the Hi Five Intervention on infectious illness and illness-related absenteeism.

Background: There is limited research on the importance of implementation when evaluating the effect of hand hygiene interventions in school settings in developed countries. The aim of this study was to examine the association between an implementation index and the effect of the intervention. The Hi Five Intervention was evaluated in a 3-armed cluster randomized controlled trial involving 43 randomly selected Danish schools.

Association of School Characteristics and Implementation in the X:IT Study-A School-Randomized Smoking Prevention Program.

Background: Assessment of implementation is essential for the evaluation of school-based preventive activities. Interventions are more easily implemented in schools if detailed instructional manuals, lesson plans, and materials are provided; however, implementation may also be affected by other factors than the intervention itself-for example, school-level characteristics, such as principal support and organizational capacity. We examined school-level characteristics of schools in groups of high, medium, and low implementation of a smoking prevention intervention.