Electronic cigarettes: "wolves in sheep's clothing".

Objective: To provide cutting-edge information on the impact and risks of using Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) by children and adolescents, based on the latest evidence published in the literature.

Data Source: A comprehensive search was carried out on PubMed, using the expressions ''electronic cigarettes'' OR ''electronic nicotine delivery systems" OR "vaping" AND ''adolescent'' AND "risks" AND ''acute lung injury'. All retrieved articles had their titles and abstracts read to identify and fully read the papers reporting the most recent evidence on each subject.

Predictors of smoking cessation in smokers with chronic periodontitis: a 24-month study.

The purpose of this 24-month study was to identify predictors of smoking cessation in a cohort of smokers with chronic periodontitis, attending a multidisciplinary smoking cessation program. Of the 286 subjects screened, 116 were included and received non-surgical periodontal treatment and smoking cessation therapy, which consisted of lectures, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pharmacotherapy, according to their individual needs. During initial periodontal treatment, dentists actively motivated the study subjects to stop smoking, using motivational interviewing techniques.

[Nutritional status, nutritional self-perception, and use of licit drugs in adolescents].

Objective:: To associate the nutritional status and the self-perception of nutritional status with the use of licit drugs among adolescents.

Methods:: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 210 adolescents answered a questionnaire on alcohol and tobacco experimentation and self-perceptions about their nutritional status. The correspondence between the adolescents' perception of their own nutritional status and actual nutritional status was analyzed, as well as associations between nutritional status, self-perception of nutritional status, gender, age, and presence of smokers at home with alcohol and tobacco use.

Effect of smoking cessation on non-surgical periodontal therapy: results after 24 months.

Aim: The aim of this 24-month prospective study was to assess the effect of smoking cessation on non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in adult subjects with chronic periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: Relative to a previous 12-month follow-up study, recruitment and follow-up period were extended, resulting in 116 eligible among the 286 screened subjects. They received NSPT and concurrent smoking cessation interventions.

Impact of the rapid antigen detection test in diagnosis and treatment of acute pharyngotonsillitis in a pediatric emergency room.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the routine use of rapid antigen detection test in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pharyngotonsillitis in children.

Methods: This is a prospective and observational study, with a protocol compliance design established at the Emergency Unit of the University Hospital of Universidade de São Paulo for the care of children and adolescents diagnosed with acute pharyngitis.

Results: 650 children and adolescents were enrolled.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy: impact on otoacoustic emissions in neonates.

Objectives: To determine the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions levels in neonates.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study investigating neonates in the maternity ward of a university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 418 term neonates without prenatal or perinatal complications were evaluated.

A prospective 12-month study of the effect of smoking cessation on periodontal clinical parameters.

Aim: The aim of this 12-month prospective study was to assess the adjunctive effect of smoking cessation in non-surgical periodontal therapy of subjects with severe chronic periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: Of the 201 subjects enrolled from a smoking cessation clinic, 93 were eligible and received non-surgical periodontal treatment and concurrent smoking cessation treatment. Periodontal maintenance was performed every 3 months.

[Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of dexamethasone in meningococcal meningitis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone as an auxiliary therapeutic tool to the antibiotics in hospitalized children with meningococcal meningitis. METHODS: A retrospective clinical comparative study was undertaken with children from a pediatric ward affected by laboratory proved meningococcal meningitis at a university hospital. Cases of children in state of shock at admission or deceased in the first 24 hours were excluded.

Efficacy of IV aminophylline as a supplemental therapy in moderate broncho-obstructive crisis in infants and preschool children.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of iv aminophylline as a supplemental therapy for wheezy infants and preschool children who still present moderate broncho-obstruction after treatment with nebulized fenoterol. A prospective randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in a Paediatric Emergency Room. The major selection criteria for patients>> inclusion were age between 1 and 7 years, a wheezy episode lasting less than 2 days which failed to respond to three sequential fenoterol nebulizations, a Wood-Downes score between 3 and 6, and a history of at least two similar episodes.

[Continuous nebulization with terbutaline sulfate under tent inhalation. Evaluation of the efficacy in children 2 to 5 years of age in asthmatic crises].

This study investigated the efficacy of a system for continuous nebulization of terbutaline sulphate in the treatment of acute asthmatic crises in children. The equipment consisted of a condensation nebulizer attached to a 40 liter acrylic tent placed around the patient's head. A prospective, randomized and open clinical trial was conducted.

[Idiopathic primary pulmonary hemosiderosis: treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone].

The authors present the case of a child diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis at five years of age who had a good clinical outcome at the age of ten years. Initially the patient was treated with prednisone and chloroquine with poor results. When cyclophosphamide was added to prednisone, the patient demonstrated clinical and radiological remission.

[Management of febrile infants younger than 2 months of age at the Emergency Care Unit: diagnosis aspects and therapeutics].

82 febrile young infants were studied, prospectively, at the Emergency Service in Hospital Universitário-University of São Paulo. All the children were kept at the Emergency ward for 24 hours. Clinical and laboratory investigations were performed and when necessary, administration of antibiotic agents were started.

[Serotypes of pneumococci isolated from children with pneumonia: implication of pneumococcal specific immunization].

For the 15 years from 1978 to 1992 serologic typing was performed on 124 pneumococcus isolates from children with acute pneumonia. The source of bacteria was material obtained by aspirative pulmonary punction, pleural fluid or blood; 122 capsular antigens representing groups and types could be determined. Of the 122 isolates serogrouped 14, 1, 6, 5, 4, 7, 23, 19 and 4, accounted for 25.

Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) for detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens in pleural fluid effusion samples. Comparison with bacterial culture, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination.

A dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) for pneumococcal antigen detection was standardized in view of the need for a rapid and accurate immunodiagnosis of acute pneumococcal pneumonia. A total of 442 pleural fluid effusion samples (PFES) from children with clinical and laboratory diagnoses of acute bacterial pneumonia, plus 38 control PFES from tuberculosis patients and 20 negative control serum samples from healthy children were evaluated by Dot-ELISA. The samples were previously treated with 0.

[Detection of bacterial antigens in acute pneumonia: methods of preparing the urine, serum, and pleural fluid samples for immunodiagnostic assays].

A method of polysaccharide antigen precipitation in urine treated with 1:1 ethanol-acetone solution, followed by heat treatment with 0.1 M EDTA were developed for detection of S. pneumoniae and H.