Proteinuria, but Not eGFR, Predicts Stroke Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study.

Background And Purpose: Chronic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the impact of chronic kidney disease on cerebrovascular disease is less well understood. We hypothesized that renal function severity would be predictive of stroke risk, independent of other vascular risk factors.

The role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes in the progression of chronic kidney disease: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study.

Background: We conducted single-marker, gene- and pathway-based analyses to examine the association between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) variants and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression among Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study participants.

Methods: A total of 1523 white and 1490 black subjects were genotyped for 490 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 12 RAAS genes as part of the ITMAT-Broad-CARe array. CKD progression phenotypes included decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time and the occurrence of a renal disease event, defined as incident end-stage renal disease or halving of eGFR from baseline.

Urine angiotensinogen and salt-sensitivity and potassium-sensitivity of blood pressure.

Objective: Urinary excretion of angiotensinogen [urine angiotensinogen (UAGT)] has been proposed as a biomarker of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity. We investigated the association between UAGT and salt-sensitivity and potassium-sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) among Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity study participants.

Methods: The intervention consisted of a 7-day low-sodium diet (51.

Variation in genes that regulate blood pressure are associated with glomerular filtration rate in Chinese.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be a consequence of diabetes, hypertension, immunologic disorders, and other exposures, as well as genetic factors that are still largely unknown. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is widely used to measure kidney function, has a heritability ranging from 25% to 75%, but only 1.5% of this heritability is explained by genetic loci that have been identified to date.

Urine free light chains as a novel biomarker of acute kidney allograft injury.

Background: We evaluated urine free light chains (FLC) as a potential biomarker for acute kidney allograft injury (AKAI).

Methods: Urine κ and λ FLC were compared with urine β-2 microglobulin (β2-M), retinol-binding protein (RBP), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and microalbuminuria (MAB) in biopsy-confirmed acute rejection (AR) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Healthy volunteers (normal) and transplant recipients with normal allograft function (control) were used as references.

Early inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system improves the long-term graft survival of single pediatric donor kidneys transplanted in adult recipients.

Transplanting single pediatric donor kidneys into adult recipients has an increased risk of hyperfiltration injury and graft loss. It is unknown if renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are beneficial in this setting. We retrospectively analyzed 94 adults who received single kidneys from donors <10 years old during 1996-2009.

Increased urinary excretion of angiotensinogen is associated with risk of chronic kidney disease.

Background: The effect of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity on risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been well studied in human subjects.

Methods: We investigated the association between urinary angiotensinogen, a reliable biomarker of intrarenal RAS activity, and risk of CKD in 201 patients and 201 controls. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.

Genetic variants in the apelin system and blood pressure responses to dietary sodium interventions: a family-based association study.

Objective: We examined the association between genetic variants in the apelin system and blood pressure (BP) responses to low-sodium and high-sodium interventions in the GenSalt Study.

Methods: A 7-day low-sodium intervention (51.3 mmol sodium per day) followed by a 7-day high-sodium intervention (307.

Blood pressure and mortality among Chinese patients with cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To examine the association between blood pressure (BP) and mortality among patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study among 4195 CVD patients aged 40 years and older. Data on BP and covariables were obtained at a baseline examination in 1991 and follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999-2000 using standard protocols.