Effects of 12 weeks high dose vitamin D3 treatment on insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, and metabolic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D insufficiency - a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Objectives: Vitamin D insufficiency is common in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D plays a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, results of intervention studies have been inconsistent.

Reduced mRNA and protein expression of perilipin A and G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) in human adipose tissue in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Context: Increased lipolysis and free fatty acid (FFA) levels contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of chronic and acute insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain.

Objective: Our objective was to test whether increased lipolysis and FFA levels induced by insulin withdrawal are accompanied by increased adipose tissue (AT) contents of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and/or altered intracellular ATGL regulation.

Design And Participants: Nine patients with type 2 diabetes were examined twice in a randomized crossover design after 16 h of 1) hyperglycemia/insulin withdrawal and 2) euglycemia/insulin infusion.

GLUT4 and UBC9 protein expression is reduced in muscle from type 2 diabetic patients with severe insulin resistance.

Aims: Subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus demand large insulin doses to maintain euglycemia. These patients are characterized by severe skeletal muscle insulin resistance and the underlying pathology remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine protein expression of the principal glucose transporter, GLUT4, and associated proteins in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patients characterized by severe insulin resistance.