Social and economic dimensions of food sustainability - a background paper for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations.

This review seeks to demonstrate how the social and economic dimensions of sustainability need to be considered alongside its environmental dimensions. This is particularly important when, as in the case of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNRs), policymakers are attempting to address the twin goals of health and sustainability. For a policy that might make good sense when seen in purely environmental terms, it might not prove sustainable in social and economic terms - if it is too costly, it exacerbates existing inequalities or has detrimental effects on public health.

Increasing fibre intake in the UK: lessons from the Danish Whole Grain Partnership.

Diets deficient in fibre are reported globally. The associated health risks of insufficient dietary fibre are sufficiently grave to necessitate large-scale interventions to increase population intake levels. The Danish Whole Grain Partnership (DWP) is a public-private enterprise model that successfully augmented whole-grain intake in the Danish population.

Various ways towards animal product limiting - Practical and social engagements in initial phase of dietary change.

Reducing one's consumption of foods containing animal products, or avoiding such foods altogether, has become part of everyday life for many people in the Western world. People's motivations for such "animal product limiting" are well-established, but the ways in which individuals enact and experience dietary change in the initial phase are not well understood. Nor is it clear whether, and how, these people present their dietary changes to others.

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The Nordic diet is characterized by a high content of plant-based food and a limited content of animal and processed food. Intervention studies show with moderate evidence that Nordic diet reduces risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (blood pressure, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Observational studies show with weak evidence that Nordic diet reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases e.

Decision coaching for people with kidney failure: A case study.

Background: Little is known about the usefulness of decision coaching for people with kidney failure facing decisions about end-of-life care.

Objectives: To investigate experiences of people with kidney failure who received decision coaching for end-of-life care decisions.

Design: We conducted a prospective case study bound by time (September to December 2021), location (one nephrology department), and guided by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework.

Is time-restricted eating a robust eating regimen during periods of disruptions in daily life? A qualitative study of perspectives of people with overweight during COVID-19.

Background: Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been suggested as a feasible dietary strategy in individuals with overweight. Disruptions in daily life e.g.

What happens after a weight loss intervention? A qualitative study of drivers and challenges of maintaining time-restricted eating among people with overweight at high risk of type 2 diabetes.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been conceptualised as a strategy for achieving weight loss and improving metabolic health, but limited knowledge exists about how people can maintain TRE in daily life. This study examined how TRE was maintainable in daily life after a three-month intervention (the RESET study) in which participants were encouraged to consume all food and beverages except water within a 10-h daily window. Specifically, we examined TRE maintenance patterns across participants, including drivers and challenges for maintenance success.

Factors Associated with Favorable Changes in Food Preferences After Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Bariatric surgery may shift food preferences towards less energy-dense foods. Eating behavior is multifactorial, and the mechanisms driving changes in food preferences could be a combination of a physiological response to surgery and social and psychological factors. This exploratory study aimed to identify potential factors explaining the variation in changes in food preferences after bariatric surgery.

Linking socioeconomic disadvantage to healthiness of food practices: Can a practice-theoretical perspective sharpen everyday life analysis?

Food is one of the key themes in public health policy and debates over inequalities in health. In this article, we argue that more research is needed to understand how socioeconomic disadvantage is translated into low degrees of healthiness. We suggest that everyday life analysis may be sharpened by way of drawing upon a practice-theoretical perspective on the mundane processes involved in this translation.

Watching, keeping and squeezing time to lose weight: Implications of time-restricted eating in daily life.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a novel intervention that allows eating and drinking within a certain time window and has shown positive effects on body weight in few studies. Weight loss strategies that easily can be integrated into daily life are needed, but knowledge about how TRE affects daily life is lacking. This study examined how individuals having overweight or obesity at high risk of type 2 diabetes performed TRE in daily life, with a focus on how the timing of eating changed the organisation and rhythms of daily activities.

Predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery-a cross-disciplinary approach combining physiological, social, and psychological measures.

Background: Bariatric surgery leads to a substantial weight loss (WL), however, a subset of patients undergoing surgery fails to achieve adequate WL. The reason for the individual variation in WL remains unexplained. Using an exploratory cross-disciplinary approach, we aimed to identify preoperative and early postoperative factors explaining the variation in WL after bariatric surgery.

Patient profiling for success after weight loss surgery (GO Bypass study): An interdisciplinary study protocol.

Unlabelled: Despite substantial research efforts, the mechanisms proposed to explain weight loss after gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SL) do not explain the large individual variation seen after these treatments. A complex set of factors are involved in the onset and development of obesity and these may also be relevant for the understanding of why success with treatments vary considerably between individuals. This calls for explanatory models that take into account not only biological determinants but also behavioral, affective and contextual factors.

Being targeted as a "severely overweight pregnant woman" -A qualitative interview study.

Background: Pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m have been targeted in health-care systems in many western countries as a high-risk group. However, we have limited knowledge of the long-term significance of this prenatal care policy.

Objective: To investigate accounts women give of their experiences of being targeted as severely overweight during pregnancy when they look back at the intervention 4-5 years later.

Instrumentalization of Eating Improves Weight Loss Maintenance in Obesity.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify psychosocial determinants for maintaining weight loss.

Methods: 42 obese individuals who achieved a 12% weight loss before entering a 52-week weight maintenance program were interviewed qualitatively. Psychosocial factors related to weight loss maintenance were identified in two contrasting groups: weight reducers and weight regainers.

The consequences of unemployment on diet composition and purchase behaviour: a longitudinal study from Denmark.

Objective: To explore and describe quantitatively the effect over time of unemployment on food purchase behaviour and diet composition.

Design: Longitudinal data from 2008-2012, with monthly food purchase data aligned with register data on unemployment measured as a dichotomous indicator as well as a trend accounting for the duration.

Setting: A household panel which registers daily food purchases combined with detailed nutritional information and registration of the duration of unemployment at individual level.

Experiences From a Web- and App-Based Workplace Health Promotion Intervention Among Employees in the Social and Health Care Sector Based on Use-Data and Qualitative Interviews.

Background: An increasing number of Web- and app-based tools for health promotion are being developed at the moment. The ambition is generally to reach out to a larger part of the population and to help users improve their lifestyle and develop healthier habits, and thereby improve their health status. However, the positive effects are generally modest.

Food insecurity in Denmark-socio-demographic determinants and associations with eating- and health-related variables.

Background: Food insecurity and its consequences have not received much attention in the Nordic, social-democratic welfare states. This study reports the prevalence of low and very low food security in Denmark, identifies its socio-demographic determinants and examines its associations with eating-related and health-related outcomes.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a mixed-mode response format (telephone interviewing or Internet).

Working with a fractional object: enactments of appetite in interdisciplinary work in anthropology and biomedicine.

This paper explores the productive tensions occurring in an interdisciplinary research project on weight loss after obesity surgery. The study was a bio-medical/anthropological collaboration investigating to what extent eating patterns, the subjective experience of hunger and physiological mechanisms are involved in appetite regulation that might determine good or poor response to the surgery. Linking biomedical and anthropological categories and definitions of central concepts about the body turned out to be a major challenge in the collaborative analysis.

Optimistic and pessimistic self-assessment of own diets is associated with age, self-rated health and weight status in Danish adults.

The aim of this study was to analyse concordance between Danish adults' recorded diet quality and their own assessment of the healthiness and to examine socio-demographic, health and behavioural characteristics associated with an optimistic or pessimistic self-assessment. Data were derived from The Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity 2011-2013 and included a random sample of 3014 adults (18-75 y). Diet quality was evaluated on the basis of seven-day pre-coded food diaries and categorised 'unhealthy', 'somewhat healthy' and 'healthy'.

Changing tastes: learning hunger and fullness after gastric bypass surgery.

Gastric bypass surgery is a specific medical technology that alters the body in ways that force patients to fundamentally change their eating habits. When patients enrol for surgery, they enter a learning process, encountering new and at times contested ways of sensing their bodies, tasting, and experiencing hunger and fullness. In this paper, we explore how patients begin to eat again after gastric bypass surgery.

Variations in the Prevalence of Obesity Among European Countries, and a Consideration of Possible Causes.

Over the last 10 years the prevalence of obesity across the European continent has in general been rising. With the exception of a few countries where a levelling-off can be perceived, albeit at a high level, this upward trend seems likely to continue. However, considerable country to country variation is noticeable, with the proportion of people with obesity varying by 10% or more.

"I feel good and I am not overweight" - A qualitative study of considerations underlying lay people's self-assessments of unhealthy diets.

It has been suggested that optimistic self-assessments of unhealthy diets constitute a barrier to the promotion of healthier eating practices. In order to discuss possible reasons for such optimistic assessments, knowledge about the considerations underlying self-assessments of unhealthy diets is needed. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore this issue by comparing considerations underlying the assessments of people who overestimate the healthiness of their unhealthy diets with those of people who express more realistic assessments.

Changes in the social context and conduct of eating in four Nordic countries between 1997 and 2012.

How have eating patterns changed in modern life? In public and academic debate concern has been expressed that the social function of eating may be challenged by de-structuration and the dissolution of traditions. We analyzed changes in the social context and conduct of eating in four Nordic countries over the period 1997-2012. We focused on three interlinked processes often claimed to be distinctive of modern eating: delocalization of eating from private households to commercial settings, individualization in the form of more eating alone, and informalization, implying more casual codes of conduct.

Adaptation and validation of the short version WHOQOL-HIV in Ethiopia.

Background: Quality of life of patients is an important element in the evaluation of outcome of health care, social services and clinical trials. The WHOQOL instruments were originally developed for measurement of quality of life across cultures. However, there were concerns raised about the cross-cultural equivalence of the WHOQOL-HIV when used among people with HIV in Ethiopia.