Treatment of uveitis and scleritis patients in Malaysia.

Aim: To determine the common causes and visual outcome after treatment among uveitis and scleritis patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort observational study. All consecutive clinical records of patients with newly diagnosed uveitis and scleritis over a 4-year period, from Jan.

Review of Risk Factors and Complications of Anterior Migration of Ozurdex Implant: Lessons Learnt from the Previous Reports.

Ozurdex had shown promising anatomical and functional outcomes in managing refractory Irvine-Gass syndrome over the years. Burgeoning usage of Ozurdex has prompted the study of its related complications, particularly the anterior chamber migration of the implant. Literature reviews on the anterior chamber migration of the Ozurdex via PubMed, EBSCO, and TRIP databases were searched from 2012 to 2020.

COVID-19 and Crossed Eye: A Case Report and Literature Review.

This study aims to report a case of neuro-ophthalmic manifestation in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient and a literature review of neuro-ophthalmological manifestation in COVID-19 patients. A 57-year-old male presented with headache, giddiness, and sudden onset of diplopia over two days after having a flu-like illness. Clinical examination revealed bilateral bizarre extraocular movement with right lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy.

Purtscher's Retinopathy After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Literature Review.

Purtscher's retinopathy is a rare angiopathy reported in patients with a history of severe trauma and other systemic diseases. The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds, and the severity varies. A 41-year-old gentleman with underlying poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia was referred to the ophthalmology department for diabetic retinopathy screening.

Diagnostic Challenges in an Atypical Case of IRVAN Syndrome: Literature Review.

A 60-year-old female with known seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and other co-morbids, presented with right eye hypertensive retinopathy and exudative macroaneurysms. Over the years, she developed vitreous haemorrhage, macula oedema and full thickness macula hole. Fluorescein angiography showed macroaneurysms and ischaemic retinal vasculitis.

Isolated third nerve palsy: Lessons from the literature and 4 case studies.

A patient's age, clinical presentation, medical history, and circumstances at time of palsy onset suggest likely underlying causes and help prioritize choice of imaging.

Ocular Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction in the Treatment of Ocular Syphilis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is a transient clinical phenomenon in patients with syphilis who receive antibiotic treatment. A 31-year-old man with an underlying HIV infection presented with worsening vision in the right eye two days after being treated with oral doxycycline for presumed left-eye neuroretinitis. Prior history revealed two episodes of penile discharge and ulcers that were not investigated.

Oculomotor and trochlear nerve neuritis following botulinum toxin injection for masseter hypertrophy - a case report with literature review.

Objective: To report a rare complication of oculomotor and trochlear nerve neuritis following botulinum toxin injection for masseter hypertrophy.

Case Presentation: A previously healthy 31-year-old man presented with a two-week history of left eye (OS) ptosis and diplopia, following botulinum toxin injection over the masseter area for masseter hypertrophy at an aesthetic centre. He had no proptosis or facial asymmetry.

Unusual presentation of infectious crystalline keratopathy: A case report with literature review.

Introduction: Infectious crystalline keratopathy (ICK) is a rare corneal disease. ICK has been recognised in patients with immunocompromised cornea or post penetrating keratoplasty. Here we report a case of ICK in an apparently healthy cornea.

A case series with literature review on adjunctive usage of intravitreal ceftazidime in ocular syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Background: Penicillin is the conventional treatment for all stages of syphilis, including ocular and neurosyphilis, according to the recommendations by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Disease. This case series highlighted three cases of ocular syphilis which showed prompt treatment response as early as 24 h after the adjunctive intravitreal ceftazidime injection.

Methods: Case Series.

A Rare Case of von Willebrand Disease Presenting as Hemolacria and Literature Review.

Hemolacria is a rare condition that causes a person to produce tears that are partially composed of blood. It can be a presenting feature of certain ocular and systemic conditions. Here, the authors describe an interesting case of a 12-year-old boy with an underlying beta-thalassemia trait, who presented with a 2-day history of bilateral blood-stained tears, and an episode of epistaxis.

Sickle Cell Maculopathy: Prevalence, Associations and Impact on Visual Acuity.

Aims: To investigate the prevalence of sickle cell maculopathy (SCM), and associations with age, sex, genotype, proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSR) stage, and the impact on visual acuity.

Methods: Age, sex, and visual acuity were recorded and spectral domain OCT and ultra-wide-field images of the macula and retina were reviewed in a consecutive series of 74 adults with sickle cell disease.

Results: The median age was 37 years (range 19-73 years) and 36 cases (48.

"Mummy, my eyelids are heavy": A case series of juvenile myasthenia gravis.

Purpose: To report three cases of juvenile myasthenia gravis aged between 18 and 24 months with ocular symptoms as their first presentation.

Method: A case series.

Results: We present a case series of juvenile myasthenia gravis in a tertiary centre in Malaysia.