Predictive Factors for Delivery within 7 Days after Successful 48-Hour Treatment of Threatened Preterm Labor.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess which characteristics and results of vaginal examination are predictive for delivery within 7 days, in women with threatened preterm labor after initial treatment. Study Design A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial on maintenance nifedipine includes women who remained undelivered after threatened preterm labor for 48 hours. We developed one model for women with premature prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and one without PPROM.

History of preeclampsia is more predictive of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk factors than obesity.

Objective: To determine to what extent a history of preeclampsia affects traditional cardiometabolic (insulin resistance and dyslipidemia) and cardiovascular (hypertension and micro-albuminuria) risk factors of the metabolic syndrome irrespective of BMI.

Study Design: In a retrospective case-control study we compared 90 formerly preeclamptic women, divided in 3 BMI-classes (BMI 19.5-24.

Low Plasma Volume in Normotensive Formerly Preeclamptic Women Predisposes to Hypertension.

Formerly preeclamptic women are at risk for cardiovascular disease. Low plasma volume may reflect latent hypertension and potentially links preeclampsia with chronic cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that low plasma volume in normotensive formerly preeclamptic women predisposes to hypertension.

Aerobic Exercise Training in Formerly Preeclamptic Women: Effects on Venous Reserve.

Unlabelled: In women with a history of preeclampsia, low plasma volume (≤1373 mL/m(2)) is associated with recurrent preeclampsia and chronic hypertension. Interventions that improve volume reserve may reduce these risks in formerly preeclamptic women. In this study, we examined the effects of aerobic exercise training on venous reserves in 24 normotensive formerly preeclamptic women and 20 controls.

Maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine in threatened preterm labour: 2-year follow up of the offspring in the APOSTEL II trial.

Objective: To evaluate long-term effects of maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine on neurodevelopmental outcome of the infant.

Design, Setting And Population: Follow up of infants of women who participated in a multicentre randomised controlled trial on maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine versus placebo.

Methods: Two years after the APOSTEL II trial on maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine versus placebo, we asked participants to complete the Ages and Stages Questionnaire.

Guideline-based development of quality indicators for prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage.

Introduction: To systematically develop a set of guideline-based quality indicators for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) as a tool to measure guideline adherence in actual PPH care.

Material And Methods: A Rand-modified Delphi procedure was used to systematically achieve consensus among a panel of 22 experts on PPH care on recommendations extracted from evidence-based guidelines, Managing-Obstetrics-Emergencies-Trauma (MOET) instructions and international literature. The selected recommendations were individually rated on health gain (prevention of maternal mortality and morbidity) and overall efficiency by the expert panel.

Fetal fibronectin status and cervical length in women with threatened preterm labor and the effectiveness of maintenance tocolysis.

Objective: To assess the effect of maintenance tocolysis in women who are at high or low risk for preterm delivery according to fetal fibronectin (fFN) status and cervical length (CL).

Study Design: We compared the risk of preterm delivery in fFN pos and fFN neg women and in women with a CL <15 mm and ≥15 mm, by using the Cox regression. Differences between the effectiveness of maintenance tocolysis in high- and low-risk women were assessed by using an interaction term.

Pharmacokinetics of nifedipine slow-release during sustained tocolysis.

Objective: The pharmacokinetics of nifedipine as a tocolytic agent has not been studied in great detail in pregnant women and has instead focused on immediate release tablets and gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) tablets. The aim of this study was to determine nifedipine slow-release half-life and distribution volume in pregnant women and to compare these with pharmacokinetic parameters of nifedipine in non-pregnant subjects described in the literature.

Materials: This is a study parallel to a trial studying women with threatened preterm labor between 26 + 0 and 32 + 2 weeks after initial tocolysis and a completed course of corticosteroids, who were randomly allocated to maintenance nifedipine (slow-release tablets 20 mg 4 times daily) or placebo.

Functional vascular changes of the kidney during pregnancy in animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Renal vascular responses to pregnancy have frequently been studied, by investigating renal vascular resistance (RVR), renal flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and renal artery responses to stimuli. Nonetheless, several questions remain: 1. Which vasodilator pathways are activated and to what extent do they affect RVR, renal flow and GFR across species, strains and gestational ages, 2.

30(+) years of exercise in pregnancy.

In 1980 I came to Loma Linda to study maternal exercise, with Dr. Longo as my mentor. For millennia strenuous exercise was considered harmful for the fetus.

Cardiovascular effects of aerobic exercise training in formerly preeclamptic women and healthy parous control subjects.

Objective: Women who have had preeclampsia demonstrate higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), impaired vascular function, and increased sympathetic activity and are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 12 weeks of exercise training (70-80% maximum volume of oxygen utilization) in women who had had preeclampsia on physical fitness, components of MetS, vasculature, and autonomic functions compared with healthy control subjects.

Study Design: Our prospective case-control study included 24 normotensive women who had had preeclampsia and 20 control subjects who were matched for age and postpartum interval (all 6-12 months after delivery).

Abdominal cerclage in twin pregnancy after radical surgical conization.

Radical and repeated cone biopsies are associated with a high risk of spontaneous preterm birth. A 30-year-old gravida 1 presented with a spontaneous dichorionic twin pregnancy. She had a history of two radical surgical conizations.

Impaired effect of relaxin on vasoconstrictor reactivity in spontaneous hypertensive rats.

Relaxin is thought to be involved in vasodilation to pregnancy by increasing endothelium-dependent vasodilation and compliance, and decreasing myogenic reactivity. Primary (essential) hypertension predisposes to circulatory maladaptation and subsequent gestational hypertensive disease. This study aimed to determine that vascular responses to chronic exposure to relaxin are impaired in young female rats with primary hypertension.

Fetal aortic distensibility, compliance and pulse pressure assessment during the second half of pregnancy.

The objective of the study was to measure fetal aortic pulse wave velocity and lumen diameter waveforms and subsequently calculate local distensibility, compliance and pulse pressure. A dedicated algorithm for optimizing lumen diameter assessment from radiofrequency ultrasound data is described. Biplane raw data were obtained from a matrix array transducer.

A randomized controlled trial on the value of misoprostol for the treatment of retained placenta in a low-resource setting.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of misoprostol among patients with retained placenta in a low-resource setting.

Methods: A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in Tanzania between April 2008 and November 2011. It included patients who delivered at a gestational age of 28 weeks or more and had blood loss of 750 mL or less at 30 minutes after delivery.

Recommendations for pregnancies in patients with crigler-najjar syndrome.

During pregnancy, the developing foetus in mothers with Crigler-Najjar type 1 and 2 is exposed to raised levels of unconjugated bilirubin, with the risk of neurotoxicity. We describe two pregnancies in a patient with Crigler-Najjar type 2, who was carefully monitored prior to and during pregnancy and phototherapy adjusted to maintain serum bilirubin levels below 200 μmol/l and the bilirubin/albumin molar ratio below 50%. Both pregnancies resulted in normal delivery of healthy infants who had normal neurological development.

[Maternal pulmonary oedema due to the use of atosiban in cases of multiple gestation].

Background: Nifedipine is used as a first choice tocolytic agent in many Dutch hospitals, but its use is discouraged in multiple gestations. Atosiban, a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist that rarely causes systemic side effects, is used as an alternative.

Case Description: A 32-year-old primigravida with spontaneous triplet pregnancy was admitted at 33 3/7 weeks for threatened preterm labour.

Effect of maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine in threatened preterm labor on perinatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial.

Importance: In threatened preterm labor, maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine, after an initial course of tocolysis and corticosteroids for 48 hours, may improve perinatal outcome.

Objective: To determine whether maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine will reduce adverse perinatal outcomes due to premature birth.

Design, Setting, And Participants: APOSTEL-II (Assessment of Perinatal Outcome with Sustained Tocolysis in Early Labor) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed in 11 perinatal units including all tertiary centers in The Netherlands.

Co-occurrence of cardiovascular and prothrombotic risk factors in women with a history of preeclampsia.

Objective: Formerly preeclamptic women are at increased risk for remote cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases. We studied co-occurrence of cardiovascular and prothrombotic risk factors within a cohort of formerly preeclamptic women and tested if prevalence of these risk profiles related to onset of preeclampsia in previous pregnancy.

Methods: We evaluated 1,297 nonpregnant formerly preeclamptic women (6-12 months postpartum) for the presence of four risk profiles: circulatory risk profile (hypertension or latent hypertension [low plasma volume, increased vascular resistance, or both]; metabolic syndrome (World Health Organization criteria); thrombophilia (factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation, or protein C or S deficiency); and hyperhomocysteinemia.

Adaptive changes of mesenteric arteries in pregnancy: a meta-analysis.

The vascular response to pregnancy has been frequently studied in mesenteric artery models by investigating endothelial cell (EC)- and smooth muscle cell (SMC)-dependent responses to mechanical (flow-mediated vasodilation, myogenic reactivity, and vascular compliance) and pharmacological stimuli (G protein-coupled receptor responses: Gq(EC), Gs(SMC), Gq(SMC)). It is unclear to what extent these pathways contribute to normal pregnancy-induced vasodilation across species, strains, and/or gestational age and at which receptor level pregnancy affects the pathways. We performed a meta-analysis on responses to mechanical and pharmacological stimuli associated with pregnancy-induced vasodilation of mesenteric arteries and included 55 (188 responses) out of 398 studies.

Unexplained first trimester recurrent pregnancy loss and low venous reserves.

Background: More than half of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) remains unexplained. We hypothesized that women with a history of unexplained RPL (URPL) have low venous reserve.

Methods: Case-control study in 12 women with a history of URPL, 11 healthy nulliparous controls and 12 primiparous controls with a history of uncomplicated pregnancy.

Impaired vascular responses to relaxin in diet-induced overweight female rats.

Relaxin mediates renal and mesenteric vascular adaptations to pregnancy by increasing endothelium-dependent vasodilation and compliance and decreasing myogenic reactivity. Diet-induced overweight and obesity are associated with impaired endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling leading to a reduction in arterial diameter. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that local vascular responses to relaxin are impaired in diet-induced overweight female rats on a high-fat cafeteria-style diet for 9 wk.

Impaired fetal growth and low plasma volume in adult life.

Objective: To estimate whether normotensive women who were born small for gestational age have low plasma volume in adult life, which is associated with later chronic hypertension.

Methods: In 280 normotensive women with a history of hypertension in pregnancy, we recorded recalled gestational age and weight at birth and measured plasma volume (I-human serum albumin indicator dilution method). To correct for possible confounders, we recorded recent obstetric history and measured in each individual all constituents of the metabolic syndrome (World Health Organization criteria), sex hormones (progesterone and estradiol), renal function, and cardiac performance at rest (echocardiography).

Comparison of two point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for fetal lactate during labor.

Background: Point-of-care testing (POCT) of fetal scalp blood lactate is used as an alternative for pH analysis. Lactate measurements have not been standardized and values vary with each device used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two POCT lactate meters for intrapartum use.