The Effect of Methylphenidate on Cognition in Patients with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Amphetamine Use Disorder: An Exploratory Single-Blinded within-Subject Study.

Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Two randomized controlled trials, utilizing robust doses of stimulants, demonstrated a significant effect on treatment outcomes in patients with ADHD/SUD. This study aimed to investigate differences in executive functioning and explore the dose-dependent effect of OROS-methylphenidate (MPH) in patients with comorbid ADHD and amphetamine use disorder (ADHD+AMPH) and patients with ADHD only.

Parental substance use disorder and risk of intellectual disability in offspring in Sweden: a national register study.

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a disorder with unknown aetiology in many cases. Maternal alcohol use is a known risk factor for ID, but less is known about the importance of maternal and paternal substance use disorder (SUD) and risk of ID in offspring.

Methods: Data from multiple nationwide registers were used to create a cohort of children born from January 01, 1978 to December 31, 2002.

Impulsive choice in individuals with comorbid amphetamine use disorder and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Amphetamine use disorder (AMPH) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occur and are associated with poor treatment outcomes. Elevated impulsivity is a core feature in both disorders. Little is known however about the specific neurocognitive profile regarding different facets of impulsivity, and specifically impulsive choice, in comorbid populations.

Parental alcohol and drug abuse and offspring mortality by age 10: a population-based register study.

Background: Parental substance abuse (SA) of alcohol and drugs is associated with offspring mortality, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), in infancy, but research on cause-specific mortality and mortality in later childhood is scarce.

Methods: Using population-based register data on all births in Sweden in 1973-2013 (N = 4.2 million) and Cox regressions, we examined the associations of mother's and father's SA registered between 2 years before and 12 years after the child birth with offspring all-cause and cause-specific mortality in infancy and childhood.

Alcohol Use Disorder Displays Trait-Related Reductions in Prosocial Decision Making.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with deficits in social cognition, but the relationship between harmful alcohol use and the processes underlying interactive social behavior is still unknown. We hypothesized that prosocial decision making is reduced in AUD and that individual differences in the underlying processes are key to better understanding these reductions.

Methods: In one laboratory study (Swedish participants, n = 240) and one confirmatory online study (American participants, n = 260), we compared young adults with AUD with age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy control subjects on 6 facets of prosocial decision making.

Self-rated impulsivity in healthy individuals, substance use disorder and ADHD: psychometric properties of the Swedish Barratt impulsiveness scale.

Background: Impulsivity is associated with several psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders (SUD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A widely used questionnaire to assess impulsivity is the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and the aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the BIS (swe-BIS).

Methods: The original BIS was translated to Swedish and back-translated by an authorized translator.

Effect of alcohol use disorder family history on cognitive function.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with cognitive deficits but little is known to what degree this is caused by genetically influenced traits, i.e. endophenotypes, present before the onset of the disorder.

Effects of the monoamine stabilizer (-)OSU6162 on cognitive function in alcohol dependence.

Introduction: Alcohol dependence (AD) is associated with a dysregulated mesolimbocortical dopamine system-a pathway which is also implicated in both reward and cognition. The monoamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 (OSU) is a novel pharmacological compound with the ability to reduce ethanol intake and ethanol seeking in long-term drinking rats as well as reducing alcohol craving in AD patients. Dopaminergic drugs can both impair and improve cognitive functions, and the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of OSU treatment on cognitive functioning in AD patients.

Association of parental substance use disorder with offspring cognition: a population family-based study.

Aims: To assess whether parental substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with lower cognitive ability in offspring, and whether the association is independent of shared genetic factors.

Design: A population family-based cohort study utilizing national Swedish registries. Linear regression with increased adjustment of covariates was performed in the full population.

Working Memory Training in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with cognitive deficits such as impaired executive functions, which are hypothesized to contribute to the progression of the disease and worsen treatment outcome. Training of working memory (WM) to improve cognitive functions and thereby reduce alcohol use has been proposed as a novel treatment strategy.

Methods: Patients with AUD (n = 50) who were recruited to an outpatient addiction clinic were randomized to receive 5 weeks of active WM training or control training.

Psychometric evaluation of a Swedish version of the Shortened Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire (Shortened-DAQ).

Introduction: Craving is a clinically important feature of alcohol use disorders (AUD), representing a diagnostic criterion as well as a target for treatment. The Desire for Alcohol Questionnaire (DAQ) is a widely used scale to measure craving. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Shortened-DAQ.

The effects of the monoamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 on craving in alcohol dependent individuals: A human laboratory study.

Alcohol dependence is associated with a dysregulated dopamine system modulating reward, craving and cognition. The monoamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 (OSU6162) can counteract both hyper- and hypo-dopaminergic states and we recently demonstrated that it attenuates alcohol-mediated behaviors in long-term drinking rats. The present Phase II exploratory human laboratory study investigated to our knowledge for the first time the effects of OSU6162 on cue- and priming-induced craving in alcohol dependent individuals.

Alcohol dependence associated with increased utilitarian moral judgment: a case control study.

Recent studies indicate that emotional processes, mediated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC), are of great importance for moral judgment. Neurological patients with VMPC dysfunction have been shown to generate increased utilitarian moral judgments, i.e.

Impulse control loss rapidly reversed by aripiprazole in a patient with concomitant bipolar disease type I and posttraumatic frontal lobe lesions.

A 45-year-old man with bipolar disease type I and post-traumatic frontal lobe lesions following a previous psychotic episode was hospitalised after having stopped taking aripiprazole (15 mg/day) and lithium (126 mg twice/daily). He presented with hypomania, psychosis, verbal unresponsiveness and disorientation. He engaged in compulsive onanism in public which resulted in the restriction of his freedom, suggesting impulse control disorder (ICD).