Autologous Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Driving Bone Regeneration in a Rabbit Model of Femoral Head Osteonecrosis.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive degenerative disease that ultimately requires a total hip replacement. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), particularly the ones isolated from bone marrow (BM), could be promising tools to restore bone tissue in ONFH. Here, we established a rabbit model to mimic the pathogenic features of human ONFH and to challenge an autologous MSC-based treatment.

A New Level II Oncoplastic Technique for Inferior Pole Defects: The Three-Petal Glandular Reconstruction (3-PR).

Introduction: Oncoplastic surgery (OPS) allows wide excisions and accurate tumor resection and reduces breast deformities by immediate reconstruction of large defects. Superior pedicled mammaplasties allow excellent results in large breasts. Conversely, loco-regional flaps are the standard of care in small-to-medium breasts.

Multistage Latissimus Dorsi Flap with Implant for Complex Post-Mastectomy Reconstruction: An Old but Still Current Technique.

Introduction: The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap has been used for reconstructing mastectomy defects since the early 1900s. Although its popularity has declined over the last decades, it still retains an important role in breast reconstruction. We present our recent experience with the multistage LD flap and implant for extremely complex post-mastectomy defects.

Oncoplastic breast surgery for the management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): is it oncologically safe? A retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Few data exist in literature regarding oncoplastic surgery (ONC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The role of ONC in the treatment of DCIS has not been elucidated yet: no case-control study has yet been published on the issue and no long-term oncologic results are reported.

Methods: Using the European Institute of Oncology (IEO) institutional breast cancer data base we investigated the oncologic safety of ONC for DCIS comparing a consecutive series of 44 patients who have underwent ONC followed by external irradiation for DCIS (Group A-study group) with 375 patients who received conservation alone followed by external irradiation for DCIS (Group B control group) in the same period.

Giant elephantiasis neuromatosa in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report.

Elephantiasis neuromatosa (EN) can arise from a plexiform neurofibroma of the superficial and deep nerves developing from a hyperproliferation of the perineural connective tissue infiltrating adjacent fat and muscles. To date, the clinical association between EN and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has been poorly defined, particularly with regard to the role of lymphatic alterations and the consequent lymphedema. The present study reports the clinical and biomolecular features of EN in a NF1 patient with the clear clinical diagnostic criteria of multiple cafè-au-lait macules, neurofibromas, EN, a positive family history and a novel NF1 germline c.

Shoulder function after breast reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi flap: A prospective cohort study - Combining DASH score and objective evaluation.

Objectives: The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is well-known in breast reconstruction especially in previously-irradiated patients, in order to have a low capsular contraction rate whenever an implant is associated. The aim of this study is to closely evaluate the effect of LD flap harvesting on shoulder function as well as specific movements related to the LD, both objectively and subjectively.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected data on 86 patients who underwent pedicled LD muscle flap for breast reconstruction at the European Institute of Oncology between September 1995 until March 2011.

Current Trends in the Oncologic and Surgical Managements of Breast Cancer in Women with Implants: Incidence, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Unlabelled: Breast augmentation is the most common cosmetic surgery in the United States, and thousands of augmented patients develop breast cancer each year. The possible effects of implants on cancer incidence, diagnosis, and treatment usually generate a disarming confusion. The present paper represents an update of the more recent oncologic and surgical strategies, aiming to support plastic and general surgeons in such challenging aspects.

Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery for Tumors Larger than 2 Centimeters: Is it Oncologically Safe? A Matched-Cohort Analysis.

Background: Oncoplastic surgery is a well-established approach that combines conserving treatment for breast cancer and plastic surgery techniques. Although this approach has been described for T2 tumors, no long-term oncologic follow-up and no comparison with patients undergoing mastectomy has been published. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate that oncoplastic surgery is a safe and reliable treatment for managing invasive primary T2 breast cancer.

Oncological results of oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery: Long term follow-up of a large series at a single institution: A matched-cohort analysis.

Purpose: Oncoplastic surgery is a well-established discipline that combines conserving treatment for breast cancer with immediate plastic reconstruction. Although widely practiced, the oncologic outcomes of this combined approach are reported only in small series. The aim of the present paper is to assess the safety of oncoplastic surgery for invasive primary breast cancer.

Neourethral meatus reconstruction for vulvectomies requiring resection of the distal part of the urethra.

Objective: Vulvar cancer is a relatively rare tumour accounting for just 5% of all gynaecological malignancies. Radical excision can sometimes involve the distal one-third to one-half of the urethra leading to postoperative problems with micturition, asymmetries and psychosexual distress. Although this topic has been largely addressed, no specific method for distal urethra reconstruction has been described.

Laser treatment of angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant disorder that can cause nonmalignant hamartomas in any organ. Angiofibromas are the most disturbing marker of the disease because they are conspicuously present on the face. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl affected by tuberous sclerosis, whose facial angiofibromas were satisfactorily treated by a green light vascular laser (532 nm).

Skeletal and cranio-facial signs in Gorlin syndrome from ancient Egypt to the modern age: sphenoid asymmetry in a patient with a novel PTCH1 mutation.

Gorlin syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder linked to PTCH1 mutation, identified by a collection of clinical and radiologic signs. We describe the case of a family in which father and son fulfilled clear cut diagnostic criteria for Gorlin syndrome including multiple basal cell carcinomas, keratocystic odontogenic tumors, atypical skeletal anomalies and a novel PTCH1 germline mutation (c.1041delAA).

NF1 truncating mutations associated to aggressive clinical phenotype with elephantiasis neuromatosa and solid malignancies.

Background/aim: Von Recklinghausen disease is a syndrome characterized by a wide phenotypic variability giving rise to both, cutaneous and visceral benign and malignant neoplasms. The first include cutaneous neurofibromas, subcutaneous and plexiform neurofibromas. The latter can undergo malignant transformation and/or determine elephantiasis neuromatosa.

Molecular targeted approaches for advanced BRAF V600, N-RAS, c-KIT, and GNAQ melanomas.

The introduction of a newly developed target therapy for metastatic melanomas poses the challenge to have a good molecular stratification of those patients who may benefit from this therapeutic option. Practically, BRAF mutation status (V600E) is commonly screened although other non-V600E mutations (i.e.

Brooke-Spiegler syndrome tumor spectrum beyond the skin: a patient carrying germline R936X CYLD mutation and a somatic CYLD mutation in Brenner tumor.

Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by a predisposition to the development of skin appendage neoplasms and the major and minor salivary glands neoplasms. The role of the CYLD mutation in visceral neoplasms is still unclear, except for the parathyroid tumor. We report the case of a 46-year-old patient with multiple cylindromas and trichoepitheliomas, a Brenner tumor of the ovary and a negative family history for Brooke-Spiegler phenotype.

Proteomic analysis of PTCH1+/- fibroblast lysate and conditioned culture media isolated from the skin of healthy subjects and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome patients.

Background: The pathogenesis underlying the increased predisposition to the development of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in the context of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is linked to molecular mechanisms that differ from sporadic BCCs. Patients with Gorlin syndrome tend to develop multiple BCCs at an early age and present with tumors of non-sun-exposed skin. The aim of this study was to compare the proteomic profile of cultured fibroblast and fibroblast conditioned culture media of PTCH1+ and nonmutated fibroblasts.

Autologous reconstruction of a complex form of Poland syndrome using 2 abdominal perforator free flaps.

Poland syndrome is the most frequent cause of congenital breast aplasia and hypoplasia. Breast and possible chest wall deformities can be treated with several surgical techniques, including implants, and pedicled or free flaps.We describe the case of a young patient with severe Poland syndrome with amastia, athelia, and deformity of the chest wall, and aplasia of 2 ribs.

Treatment of wounds colonized by multidrug resistant organisms in immune-compromised patients: a retrospective case series.

Background: Immune-compromised patients incur a high risk of surgical wound dehiscence and colonization by multidrug resistant organisms. Common treatment has been debridement and spontaneous secondary healing.We report on the results obtained in nine such patients whose wounds were treated by debridement, negative pressure dressing and direct closure.

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization and dermoscopy in the assessment of controversial melanocytic tumors.

Although the 'gold standard' for melanoma diagnosis remains histopathological analysis, presently dermoscopists play a significant role in the diagnostic process. However, even a combined approach may not allow a clear-cut judgment on equivocal melanocytic lesions. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) can offer assistance in the evaluation of chromosome abnormalities associated with malignancies, and its role is emerging in melanoma diagnosis.

Effects of silicone expanders and implants on echocardiographic image quality after breast reconstruction.

Background: Use of silicone expanders and implants is the most common breast reconstruction technique after mastectomy. Postmastectomy patients often need echocardiographic monitoring of potential cardiotoxicity induced by cancer chemotherapy. The impairment of the echocardiographic acoustic window caused by silicone implants for breast augmentation has been reported.

Adipose stromal/stem cells assist fat transplantation reducing necrosis and increasing graft performance.

Autologous fat transfer (AFT) is a procedure for adipose tissue (AT) repair after trauma, burns, post-tumor resections and lipodystrophies still negatively impacted by the lack of graft persistence. The reasons behind this poor outcome are unclear and seem to involve damages in either harvested/transplanted mature adipocytes or on their mesenchymal progenitors, namely adipose stromal/stem cells (ASC), and due to post-transplant AT apoptosis and involution. A rabbit subcutaneous AT regeneration model was here developed to first evaluate graft quality at different times after implant focusing on related parameters, such as necrosis and vasculogenesis.