Fungal biomarkers in HIV-associated disseminated histoplasmosis: a multicenter diagnostic accuracy study on the Guiana shield.

Background: Diagnosis of HIV-associated histoplasmosis remains challenging. Our objective was to compare the performances of (1→3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) and Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) antigen for the diagnosis of HIV-associated histoplasmosis.

Methods: We performed a diagnostic accuracy study using frozen primary serum specimens issued from consecutive hospitalized people living with HIV (PLWH) and blindly tested for BDG and GM using Fungitell® and PlateliaTM Aspergillus, respectively.

Case report: osteo-articular infection in a patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease.

is a recently reported yeast causing rare cases of fungemia. This species presents high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to fluconazole and echinocandins. We report an atypical metacarpophalangeal osteo-articular infection in a patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease.

Extrapulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus Infections, France, 2012-2020.

Mycobacterium abscessus infection is challenging to treat. Extrapulmonary M. abscessus infections (EP-MAB) are less common than pulmonary M.

Effectiveness, Safety, and Patterns of Real-World Isavuconazole Use in Europe (2015-2019).

Introduction: Real-world data from multinational observational studies are required to better understand the role and performance of isavuconazole in real-world practice in Europe.

Methods: A retrospective medical record review was conducted at 16 sites in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom). Eligible records were from patients aged ≥ 18 years at the time of isavuconazole initiation and received at least one dose of isavuconazole for suspected or confirmed invasive aspergillosis (IA) or invasive mucormycosis (IM) during the eligibility period (October 15, 2015 to June 30, 2019).

Description, clinical impact and early outcome of S. maltophilia respiratory tract infections after lung transplantation, A retrospective observational study.

Background And Research Question: S. maltophilia infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Little is known regarding its presentation, management, and outcome in lung transplant recipients.

Interactions between eosinophils and IL-5Rα-positive mast cells in nonadvanced systemic mastocytosis.

Background: Bidirectional interactions between eosinophils and mast cells (MCs) have been reported in various allergic diseases. Bone marrow (BM) eosinophilia, and to a lesser extent blood eosinophilia, is common in systemic mastocytosis (SM), but its significance remains unknown.

Objective: We described blood and BM eosinophil characteristics in SM.

Cryptococcosis Associated With Biologic Therapy: A Narrative Review.

is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause disseminated infection with predominant central nervous system involvement in patients with compromised immunity. Biologics are increasingly used in the treatment of neoplasms and autoimmune/inflammatory conditions and the prevention of transplant rejection, which may affect human defense mechanisms against cryptococcosis. In this review, we comprehensively investigate the association between cryptococcosis and various biologics, highlighting their risks of infection, clinical manifestations, and clinical outcomes.

Formulation and Stability of a 1% Clarithromycin-Based Topical Skin Cream: A New Option to Treat Buruli Ulcers?

There are more than 170 known species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and some are responsible for serious diseases in people infected with them. One of these is Buruli ulcers, a neglected tropical disease endemic in more than 33 countries and caused by , which infects skin tissue. Treatment consists of a long-term regimen combining the use of oral rifampin with another anti-tuberculosis drug (e.

Deciphering Unexpected Vascular Locations of Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans Fungal Infections, France.

Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans are emerging non-Aspergillus filamentous fungi. The Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis Observational Study we previously conducted reported frequent fungal vascular involvement, including aortitis and peripheral arteritis.

Successful rescue TNF-α blocking for - Related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: A case report.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has been reported in immunocompromised patients with disseminated . Management relies on high-dose corticosteroids. We describe two cases of late-onset corticosteroid-refractory IRIS related to disseminated infection in a HIV-positive patient and a renal transplant patient who had a favorable outcome with a monoclonal TNF-α blocker.

Efficacy and safety of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in systemic mastocytosis: A nationwide French pilot study.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) corresponds to a rare and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases characterized by the accumulation of atypical mast cells (MCs). Advanced mastocytosis (Adv-SM) is associated with poor survival; in contrast, patients with non-advanced SM (non-Adv-SM) usually have a normal life expectancy but may experience poor quality of life. Despite recent therapeutic progress including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, new treatment options are needed for refractory and/or intolerant patients with both severely symptomatic and Adv-SM.

Features of cryptococcosis among 652 HIV-seronegative individuals in France: a cross-sectional observational study (2005-2020).

Objectives: We aimed to describe features and outcomes of cryptococcosis among HIV-seronegative individuals in a large surveillance network for cryptococcosis in France.

Methods: We included incident cases of cryptococcosis in HIV-seronegative individuals from 2005 to 2020. We compared patient characteristics, disease presentations, cryptococcal antigen results, and induction antifungal treatments according to underlying disease.

Histological characterization of liver involvement in systemic mastocytosis.

Background And Aims: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is characterized by the accumulation of atypical mast cells (MCs) in organs. Liver histology of SM has been marginally described and accurate histological classification is critical, given the consequences of aggressive SM diagnosis. We aimed to describe the histological features associated with liver SM using updated tools.

Determinants of radiological patterns and severity in immunocompromised adults with Metapneumovirus infection.

Background: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and is responsible for respiratory infections. Mild infections are well-recognized in children, while its precise impact in various categories of immunocompromised adults has not been well addressed.

Research Question: We retrospectively studied HMPV infections in immunocompromised adults followed in two large French university medical centers.

Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis: an initiative of the ECMM and ISHAM in cooperation with the ASM.

Cryptococcosis is a major worldwide disseminated invasive fungal infection. Cryptococcosis, particularly in its most lethal manifestation of cryptococcal meningitis, accounts for substantial mortality and morbidity. The breadth of the clinical cryptococcosis syndromes, the different patient types at-risk and affected, and the vastly disparate resource settings where clinicians practice pose a complex array of challenges.

Infections Differ Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Individuals: Results From a Nationwide Surveillance Program in France.

Among 1107 cryptococcosis cases from the French surveillance network (2005-2020), the proportion of HIV-seronegative individuals has recently surpassed that of HIV-seropositive individuals. We observed marked differences in patient characteristics, disease presentations, cryptococcal antigen results, infecting species, and mortality according to HIV serostatus.