Causes of HIV-related CNS infection in Cameroon, Malawi, and Tanzania: epidemiological findings from the DREAMM HIV-related CNS implementation study.

Background: CNS infections cause approximately a third of HIV-related deaths. The Driving Reduced AIDS-Associated Meningo-encephalitis Mortality DREAMM study aimed to prospectively diagnose the aetiology of HIV-related CNS infection in five public hospitals in Cameroon, Malawi, and Tanzania.

Methods: DREAMM was a multicentre, hybrid type-2 implementation science project.

Characterization of patients with clonal mast cells in the bone marrow with clinical significance not otherwise specified.

Background: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) diagnosis requires the presence of 3 minor criteria or 1 major and 1 minor criterion according to the WHO 2016 classification. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with 1 or 2 minor SM criteria including mutation and/or aberrant expression of CD2 and/or CD25 on bone marrow (BM) mast cells (MCs), but without MC activation syndrome (MCAS) criteria.

Methods: We included eligible patients from two countries diagnosed between 2011 and 2021.

Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors Associated With Mold-Positive Blood Cultures: 10-Year Data From a French Prospective Surveillance Program (2012-2022).

Background: While invasive fusariosis and lomentosporiosis are known to be associated with fungemia, overall data on mold-related fungemia are limited, hampering early management. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of mold-positive blood cultures.

Methods: Epidemiological and clinical data on mold-positive blood cultures from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from the RESSIF database.

Fungal biomarkers in HIV-associated disseminated histoplasmosis: a multicenter diagnostic accuracy study on the Guiana shield.

Objectives: Diagnosis of HIV-associated histoplasmosis remains challenging. Our objective was to compare the performances of (1→3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) and aspergillus galactomannan (GM) antigen for the diagnosis of HIV-associated histoplasmosis.

Methods: We performed a diagnostic accuracy study using frozen primary serum specimens issued from consecutive hospitalized people living with HIV (PLWH) and blindly tested for BDG and GM using Fungitell and PlateliaAspergillus, respectively.

Case report: osteo-articular infection in a patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease.

is a recently reported yeast causing rare cases of fungemia. This species presents high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to fluconazole and echinocandins. We report an atypical metacarpophalangeal osteo-articular infection in a patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease.

Extrapulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus Infections, France, 2012-2020.

Mycobacterium abscessus infection is challenging to treat. Extrapulmonary M. abscessus infections (EP-MAB) are less common than pulmonary M.

Effectiveness, Safety, and Patterns of Real-World Isavuconazole Use in Europe (2015-2019).

Introduction: Real-world data from multinational observational studies are required to better understand the role and performance of isavuconazole in real-world practice in Europe.

Methods: A retrospective medical record review was conducted at 16 sites in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom). Eligible records were from patients aged ≥ 18 years at the time of isavuconazole initiation and received at least one dose of isavuconazole for suspected or confirmed invasive aspergillosis (IA) or invasive mucormycosis (IM) during the eligibility period (October 15, 2015 to June 30, 2019).

Description, clinical impact and early outcome of S. maltophilia respiratory tract infections after lung transplantation, A retrospective observational study.

Background And Research Question: S. maltophilia infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Little is known regarding its presentation, management, and outcome in lung transplant recipients.

Interactions between eosinophils and IL-5Rα-positive mast cells in nonadvanced systemic mastocytosis.

Background: Bidirectional interactions between eosinophils and mast cells (MCs) have been reported in various allergic diseases. Bone marrow (BM) eosinophilia, and to a lesser extent blood eosinophilia, is common in systemic mastocytosis (SM), but its significance remains unknown.

Objective: We described blood and BM eosinophil characteristics in SM.

Cryptococcosis Associated With Biologic Therapy: A Narrative Review.

is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause disseminated infection with predominant central nervous system involvement in patients with compromised immunity. Biologics are increasingly used in the treatment of neoplasms and autoimmune/inflammatory conditions and the prevention of transplant rejection, which may affect human defense mechanisms against cryptococcosis. In this review, we comprehensively investigate the association between cryptococcosis and various biologics, highlighting their risks of infection, clinical manifestations, and clinical outcomes.

Formulation and Stability of a 1% Clarithromycin-Based Topical Skin Cream: A New Option to Treat Buruli Ulcers?

There are more than 170 known species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and some are responsible for serious diseases in people infected with them. One of these is Buruli ulcers, a neglected tropical disease endemic in more than 33 countries and caused by , which infects skin tissue. Treatment consists of a long-term regimen combining the use of oral rifampin with another anti-tuberculosis drug (e.

Deciphering Unexpected Vascular Locations of Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans Fungal Infections, France.

Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans are emerging non-Aspergillus filamentous fungi. The Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis Observational Study we previously conducted reported frequent fungal vascular involvement, including aortitis and peripheral arteritis.

Successful rescue TNF-α blocking for - Related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: A case report.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has been reported in immunocompromised patients with disseminated . Management relies on high-dose corticosteroids. We describe two cases of late-onset corticosteroid-refractory IRIS related to disseminated infection in a HIV-positive patient and a renal transplant patient who had a favorable outcome with a monoclonal TNF-α blocker.

Efficacy and safety of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in systemic mastocytosis: A nationwide French pilot study.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) corresponds to a rare and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases characterized by the accumulation of atypical mast cells (MCs). Advanced mastocytosis (Adv-SM) is associated with poor survival; in contrast, patients with non-advanced SM (non-Adv-SM) usually have a normal life expectancy but may experience poor quality of life. Despite recent therapeutic progress including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, new treatment options are needed for refractory and/or intolerant patients with both severely symptomatic and Adv-SM.

Features of cryptococcosis among 652 HIV-seronegative individuals in France: a cross-sectional observational study (2005-2020).

Objectives: We aimed to describe features and outcomes of cryptococcosis among HIV-seronegative individuals in a large surveillance network for cryptococcosis in France.

Methods: We included incident cases of cryptococcosis in HIV-seronegative individuals from 2005 to 2020. We compared patient characteristics, disease presentations, cryptococcal antigen results, and induction antifungal treatments according to underlying disease.

Histological characterization of liver involvement in systemic mastocytosis.

Background And Aims: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is characterized by the accumulation of atypical mast cells (MCs) in organs. Liver histology of SM has been marginally described and accurate histological classification is critical, given the consequences of aggressive SM diagnosis. We aimed to describe the histological features associated with liver SM using updated tools.

Determinants of radiological patterns and severity in immunocompromised adults with Metapneumovirus infection.

Background: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and is responsible for respiratory infections. Mild infections are well-recognized in children, while its precise impact in various categories of immunocompromised adults has not been well addressed.

Research Question: We retrospectively studied HMPV infections in immunocompromised adults followed in two large French university medical centers.