Most adults seek urgent healthcare when acquiring HIV-1 and are frequently treated for malaria in coastal Kenya.

Background: Acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) may present with symptoms for which urgent healthcare is sought. However, little is known about healthcare seeking around the time of HIV-1 seroconversion in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: Review of clinical, counselling, treatment and laboratory records of previously HIV-1 seronegative at-risk adults, followed at monthly or 3-monthly visits, who seroconverted and enrolled in an AHI cohort.

Post-prostatic massage fluid/urine as an alternative to semen for studying male genitourinary HIV-1 shedding.

Objectives: Genitourinary tract samples are required to investigate male HIV-1 infectivity. Because semen collection is often impractical, the acceptability, feasibility and validity of post-prostatic massage fluid/urine (post-PMF/U) was evaluated for studying male genitourinary HIV-1 shedding.

Methods: HIV-1-seropositive men were evaluated after 48 h of sexual abstinence.