Do pediatric oral suspension acetaminophen and ibuprofen product labeling and online resources facilitate intended use?

Background: Caregivers often have difficulty administering pediatric medications which frequently results in increased dosing error risk.

Objective: We examined health literacy characteristics of pediatric over-the-counter (OTC) oral suspension acetaminophen and ibuprofen instructional materials and dosing instruments.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of dosing instructions, measuring syringe characteristics, and internet-based resources among a sample of OTC pediatric oral suspension acetaminophen and ibuprofen products ( = 14).

Health literacy characteristics of over-the-counter rapid antigen COVID-19 test materials.

Background: The United States Food & Drug Administration's emergency authorized use, in December 2020, of over-the-counter (OTC) rapid antigen COVID-19 tests was a pandemic control milestone.

Objective: To assess health literacy-related characteristics of OTC rapid antigen COVID-19 test materials.

Methods: Between September-December 2021, we identified eleven (n = 11) OTC rapid antigen COVID-19 tests available for purchase in the US.

A longitudinal descriptive assessment of US college COVID-19 dashboards.

Background: The purposes of this study were to (1) longitudinally examine US college and university COVID-19 dashboard content and (2) explore county-level population health and COVID-19 community indicators where colleges with large undergraduate enrollments were located.

Methods: We identified 10 colleges with the largest undergraduate enrollments. Next, we located all public and private two- and four-year nonprofit colleges ( = 58) in each respective county.

Future Directions for Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs): A CERA Survey.

Background: Thought leaders from family medicine and practice-based research networks (PBRNs) have put forth definitions and goals recommending future directions for PBRNs. Evidence demonstrating that PBRNs are acting in accordance with these trends supports future investment in PBRN infrastructure, funding, and training of clinician researchers. Our objective was to explore the alignment of PBRN research efforts with thought leader recommendations.

Patterns of Electronic Portal Use among Vulnerable Patients in a Nationwide Practice-based Research Network: From the OCHIN Practice-based Research Network (PBRN).

Background: Underserved patient populations experience barriers to accessing and engaging within the complex health care system. Electronic patient portals have been proposed as a potential new way to improve access and engagement. We studied patient portal use for 12 consecutive months (365 days) among a large, nationally distributed, underserved patient population within the OCHIN (originally created as the Oregon Community Health Information Network and renamed OCHIN as other states joined) practice-based research network (PBRN).

Implementation of Technology-based Patient Engagement Strategies within Practice-based Research Networks.

Background: Technology-based patient engagement strategies (such as patient portals) are increasingly available, yet little is known about current use and barriers within practice-based research networks (PBRNs). PBRN directors have unique opportunities to inform the implementation of patient-facing technology and to translate these findings into practice.

Methods: PBRN directors were queried regarding technology-based patient engagement strategies as part of the 2015 CAFM Educational Research Alliance (CERA) survey of PBRN directors.

Workplace Bullying Among Family Physicians: A Gender Focused Study.

Background: Continuing gender disparities within the medical profession have raised concerns about the extent to which women physicians face an inhospitable work environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the types and frequency of workplace bullying reported by a national sample of family physicians employed in academic settings, as related to gender.

Material And Methods: Data for this study were gathered as part of the Council of Academic Family Medicine (CAMF) Educational Research Alliance (CERA) omnibus electronic survey.

Readability and Content Characteristics of Powdered Infant Formula Instructions in the United States.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess readability characteristics and layout features, including reading grade level, text point size, dimensions (length and width), diagrams, key directions (warnings, proper hygiene, preparation and use, and storage), and compliance to International Code provisions of English-language instructions affixed to a representative sample of brand-name and generic powdered, infant formula containers currently available for purchase in the US.

Methods: During June 2014, comprehensive Internet searches were conducted to identify brand-name powdered infant formulas currently available for purchase in the US (n = 10). The English-language instruction section affixed to each formula container was evaluated for readability characteristics and layout features, including reading grade level, text point size, dimensions (length and width), diagrams, key directions (warnings, proper hygiene, preparation and use, and storage), and compliance to International Code.

A Survey of Family Medicine Department Chairs About Faculty With Disabilities: A CERA Study.

Background And Objectives: Despite 21 million US adults having a disability, little is known about the types of disabilities among faculty in family medicine departments, accommodations used, or work limitations.

Methods: We surveyed family medicine department chairs electronically about the number, types of disabilities encountered, accommodations and associated costs, and attitudes toward family medicine faculty with disabilities. This 10-item survey was part of the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance omnibus survey.

Brief screening items to identify spanish-speaking adults with limited health literacy and numeracy skills.

Background: Limited health literacy (HL) and numeracy have been shown to be associated with a wide array of poor health-related outcomes, knowledge, and behaviors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of brief HL and numeracy screening items in identifying Spanish-speaking adults' HL and numeracy skills.

Methods: We studied convenience samples of native Spanish-speaking adults in Columbus, Ohio.

Trends in Type of Health Insurance Coverage for US Children and Their Parents, 1998-2011.

Objective: To examine trends in health insurance type among US children and their parents.

Methods: Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (1998-2011), we linked each child (n = 120,521; weighted n ≈ 70 million) with his or her parent or parents and assessed patterns of full-year health insurance type, stratified by income. We examined longitudinal insurance trends using joinpoint regression and further explored these trends with adjusted regression models.

IMPACCT Kids' Care: a real-world example of stakeholder involvement in comparative effectiveness research.

The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute has accelerated conversations about the importance of actively engaging stakeholders in all aspects of comparative effectiveness research (CER). Other scientific disciplines have a history of stakeholder engagement, yet few empirical examples exist of how these stakeholders can inform and enrich CER. Here we present a case study which includes the methods used to engage stakeholders, what we learned from them, and how we incorporated their ideas in a CER project.

Evaluation of smartphone oral contraceptive reminder applications.

Background: Oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most widely used contraceptive method among women of reproductive age in the United States (US). Routine download and use of health-related smartphone applications (apps) continues to increase.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of English-language, smartphone-platform OC reminder apps currently available for download in the US.

Academic family medicine physicians' confidence and comfort with opioid analgesic prescribing for patients with chronic nonmalignant pain.

Objective: To examine academic family medicine physicians' current practices, experiences, beliefs, level of concern about negative outcomes, and confidence and comfort when prescribing opioid analgesics for chronic nonmalignant pain management.

Design: Electronic cross-sectional survey.

Participants: This study was part of the Council of Academic Family Medicine (CAFM) Educational Research Alliance omnibus survey of active academic US family physicians.

Predictors of children's health insurance coverage discontinuity in 1998 versus 2009: parental coverage continuity plays a major role.

To identify predictors of coverage continuity for United States children and assess how they have changed in the first 12 years since implementation of the Children's Health Insurance Program in 1997. Using data from the nationally-representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we used logistic regression to identify predictors of discontinuity in 1998 and 2009 and compared differences between the 2 years. Having parents without continuous coverage was the greatest predictor of a child's coverage gap in both 1998 and 2009.

Voices that may not otherwise be heard: a qualitative exploration into the perspectives of primary care patients living with chronic pain.

Background: Although psychometrically sound pain assessment tools are available, there is a paucity of research that comprehensively defines chronic pain from the perspective of patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of a combination of qualitative methods (Photovoice, one-on-one interviews, and focus groups) in examining the daily experiences of primary care patients living with chronic pain.

Methods: A sample of English-speaking primary care patients aged 30 years or older, who had been prescribed an opioid for long-term, noncancer pain management, participated in the study.

Readability of American Academy of Family Physicians patient education materials.

Background And Objectives: Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for the reading demands of patient education materials (PEMs) to exceed the actual literacy abilities of the typical American adult. The purposes of this study were to (1) assess reading demands of English and Spanish language American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) PEMs and (2) examine whether reading demands of English language AAFP PEMs varied from 2004 to 2012.

Methods: In December 2012, matched English and Spanish language AAFP PEMs, available via http://www.

A systematic review of smartphone applications for chronic pain available for download in the United States.

Objective: A Smartphone app could be useful in aiding patients in self-monitoring and self-managing their chronic pain-related symptoms. The purpose of this study was to systematically review English-language pain-related Smartphone apps available for download in the United States.

Design: During July 2012, official Android, BlackBerry, and iPhone Smartphone app platform stores were searched.

Variation in prescription contraceptive pricing across Florida ZIP code income groups.

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore average monthly cost of commonly prescribed oral and transvaginal contraceptives, across ZIP code income groups, in Florida.

Study Design: In March, 2011, the MyFloridarx.com database was searched to assess monthly prices of seven commonly prescribed contraceptives charged by Florida pharmacies.

Development and validation of the Patient Opioid Education Measure.

Background: Although there are screening tools to aid clinicians in assessing the risk of opioid misuse, an instrument to assess opioid-related knowledge is not currently available. The purpose of this study was to develop a content-valid, understandable, readable, and reliable Patient Opioid Education Measure (POEM).

Methods: Using concept mapping, clinicians caring for patients with chronic pain participated in brainstorming, sorting, and rating need-to-know information for patients prescribed opioids.

Brief health literacy screening items predict newest vital sign scores.

Background: Numeracy is an important but understudied component of health literacy (HL). The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive ability of established general HL and numeracy screening items in estimating Newest Vital Sign (NVS) scores.

Methods: We studied 241 adults attending primary care clinics in the midwestern United States.

Recent health insurance trends for US families: children gain while parents lose.

In the past decade, political and economic changes in the United States (US) have affected health insurance coverage for children and their parents. Most likely these policies have differentially affected coverage patterns for children (versus parents) and for low-income (versus high-income) families. We aimed to examine--qualitatively and quantitatively--the impact of changing health insurance coverage on US families.

Clinical utility of a brief screen for health literacy and numeracy among adults with diabetes mellitus.

Background And Objectives: Our objectives were to (1) compare Newest Vital Sign (NVS) scores and administration characteristics with the short (S) version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) and Spoken Knowledge in Low-Literacy Diabetes (SKILLD) tool and (2) gather information from research assistants (RAs) regarding their perceptions of patient understanding of NVS items.

Methods: Adults, age ? 18 years, with diabetes mellitus visiting a primary care clinic were recruited to participate. An RA orally administered a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Tennessee emergency medicine workforce, 2009.

Objective: Describe the characteristics of the Tennessee (TN) Emergency Medicine (EM) workforce.

Methods: A cross-sectional mail survey of all non-government emergency departments (EDs) in TN was performed between January and April 2009. Data collected included: number and residency training of physicians, ED volume, employment and type of mid-level providers.