Detection of hypoxia by near-infrared spectroscopy and pulse oximetry: a comparative study.

Significance: Pulse oximetry is widely used in clinical practice to monitor changes in arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). However, decreases in SpO2 can be delayed relative to the actual clinical event, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) may detect alterations in oxygenation earlier than pulse oximetry, as shown in previous cerebral oxygenation monitoring studies.

Aim: We aim to compare the response of transcutaneous muscle NIRS measures of the tissue saturation index with pulse oximetry SpO2 during hypoxia.

Predicting heterogeneity in clone-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities using single-cell transcriptomic signatures.

While understanding molecular heterogeneity across patients underpins precision oncology, there is increasing appreciation for taking intra-tumor heterogeneity into account. Based on large-scale analysis of cancer omics datasets, we highlight the importance of intra-tumor transcriptomic heterogeneity (ITTH) for predicting clinical outcomes. Leveraging single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) with a recommender system (CaDRReS-Sc), we show that heterogeneous gene-expression signatures can predict drug response with high accuracy (80%).

Continuous Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Oxygenation and Hemodynamics during the First Seven Days Post-Injury in a Porcine Model of Acute Spinal Cord Injury.

One of the only currently available treatment options to potentially improve neurological recovery after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is augmentation of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to promote blood flow and oxygen delivery to the injured cord. However, to optimize such hemodynamic management, clinicians require a method to monitor the physiological effects of these MAP alterations within the injured cord. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of using a novel optical sensor, based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), to monitor real-time spinal cord oxygenation and hemodynamics during the first 7 days post-injury in a porcine model of acute SCI.

The fly factor phenomenon is mediated by interkingdom signaling between bacterial symbionts and their blow fly hosts.

We tested the recent hypothesis that the "fly factor" phenomenon (food currently or previously fed on by flies attracts more flies than the same type of food kept inaccessible to flies) is mediated by bacterial symbionts deposited with feces or regurgitated by feeding flies. We allowed laboratory-reared black blow flies, Phormia regina (Meigen), to feed and defecate on bacterial Luria-Bertani medium solidified with agar, and isolated seven morphologically distinct bacterial colonies. We identified these using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

Maculatic Acids-Sex Attractant Pheromone Components of Bald-Faced Hornets.

Yellowjackets in the genera Vespula and Dolichovespula are prevalent eusocial insects of great ecological and economic significance, but the chemical signals of their sexual communication systems have defied structural elucidation. Herein, we report the identification of sex attractant pheromone components of virgin bald-faced hornet queens (Dolichovespula maculata). We analyzed body surface extracts of queens by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), isolated the compounds that elicited responses from male antennae by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and identified these components by GC mass spectrometry (MS), HPLC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy.