Rural-urban differences in smoking quit ratios and cessation-related factors: Results from a nationally representative sample.

Purpose: There are significant rural/urban disparities that exist in cancer and chronic disease morbidity and mortality, many of which are attributed to increased tobacco use prevalence in rural populations compared to urban. Understanding differences in rural and urban tobacco use patterns is key to developing targeted interventions.

Methods: Using nationally representative data from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH), we examined weighted frequencies and conducted multivariable logistic regression to examine the use of cessation supports in people who currently smoke with a quit attempt in the last 12 months (recent attempters) by rural and urban status and geographic region.

Menthol and filter ventilation in cigarettes: prevalence estimates and relationships with harm perception and smoking exposure.

Introduction: Menthol and filter ventilation (FV) contribute to cigarette appeal. This observational study examines the US prevalence of menthol versus non-menthol cigarette use by FV and how harm perceptions, cigarettes per day and biomarkers of exposure vary.

Methods: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2013-2014) was merged with FV levels of cigarettes and restricted to daily smoking adults who had a usual cigarette variety and did not regularly use other tobacco (N=1614).

Missing Opportunities in the Screening of Alcohol Use and Problematic Use, and the Provision of Brief Advice and Treatment Information Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify sociodemographic and substance-related factors associated with being screened, receiving advice or treatment information from healthcare providers, among individuals who met the criteria for the past 12-month alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: The 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were analyzed to identify factors associated with being (1) asked about alcohol used among adults with AUD, who visited a healthcare provider within the past 12 months, and were not receiving AUD treatment (sample 1, n = 13,321); (2) asked about problematic use; (3) advised to reduce consumption; and (4) offered alcohol treatment information, among those in sample 1 who were asked about their use (n = 6,905).

Results: About half (52.

Smoking Quit Attempts and Associated Factors Among Rural Adults Who Smoke Daily in the United States.

Introduction: Rural American communities are heavily affected by tobacco-related health disparities. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of quit attempts (QAs) and factors that promote or impede QA among rural adults who smoke daily.

Methods: Data from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were analyzed.

Exploring the associations between serious psychological distress and the quantity or frequency of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among pregnant women in the United States.

Serious Psychological Distress (SPD) and prenatal exposure to substances are associated with adverse outcomes for pregnant individuals and their developing offspring. This study aims to examine the relationship between SPD and quantity, or frequency of substance use among pregnant women in the United States (US). Descriptive and negative binomial regression analyses of the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were conducted among 3373 pregnant women (18 to 44 years old) to examine the association between SPD and (1) average number of cigarettes smoked in the past 30 days, (2) number of days of binge drinking in the past 30 days, and (3) number of days of cannabis use in the past 30 days.

Efficacy of a Gender-Relevant Smoking Cessation Intervention Among Women in Brazil: Findings from a Group Randomized Controlled Trial.

There is scarcity of smoking cessation programs that take gender into account during its development, implementation, and evaluation. We evaluated the efficacy of a theory-based, culturally, and gender-relevant smoking cessation intervention delivered by Community Health Workers (CHWs) among Brazilian women that augments the smoking cessation program offered through the public health system (PHS). A total of 328 women current smokers (100% cigarette smokers) were recruited across 8 towns in a tobacco producing state in Brazil between 2014 and 2017.

Neurocognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder and Associated Factors: Using Population-based Norms and a Strict Criterion for Impairment Definition.

Background: Cognitive impairment is often identified in individuals with bipolar disorder and is associated with their functional impairment. However, there is controversy surrounding potential classification methods for impairment in cognitive measures.

Objective: To examine the proportion of cognitive measures indicating impairment of attention, processing speed, memory, visuoconstructional abilities, and executive functions in individuals with bipolar disorder type I (euthymic) and healthy controls, using a strict criterion for defining impairment.

Development of a gender-relevant tobacco cessation intervention for women in Brazil-an intervention mapping approach to planning.

The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a theory-based, culturally and gender-relevant Community Health Worker (CWH)-led tobacco cessation intervention for low-income Brazilian women who augments the tobacco cessation program offered through the public health system using Intervention Mapping (IM). We began with the establishment of a network of representatives from different segments of society followed by comprehensive needs assessments. We then established a logical planning process that was guided by a theoretical framework (Social Cognitive Theory) and existing evidence-based tobacco cessation programs, taking into account socio-political context of a universal health care system.

Participation in Cervical Screening by Self-collection, Pap, or a Choice of Either in Brazil.

Most cervical cancers occur in women who do not participate in cervical-cancer screening. We therefore evaluated adherence to screening for clinic-based Pap testing, self-collected sampling for HPV testing, and choice of the 2 among 483 unscreened/underscreened women in Brazil. Three public Basic Health Units (BHU) were each randomly assigned to three arms: (i) Pap testing at the BHU ( = 160), (ii) "Self&HPV" (self-collection for HPV testing) ( = 161), and (iii) "Choice" between self-collection and HPV testing and Pap test at the local BHU ( = 162).

Cervical Cancer Screening among Underscreened and Unscreened Brazilian Women: Training Community Health Workers to be Agents of Change.

Background: Despite the availability of cervical cancer screening programs in Brazil, some women do not participate in these programs owing to structural and/or interpersonal/intrapersonal barriers, resulting in high cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Integrating community health workers (CHWs) into the delivery of cervical cancer screening interventions is potentially a feasible strategy to address these barriers.

Objectives: This study aimed to implement and evaluate a CHW training to deliver a brief intervention to promote cervical cancer screening among underscreened and unscreened women in Brazil.

Development and evaluation of a capacity building program in gender-relevant tobacco control research: A Brazilian experience.

Introduction: There is an increased need for capacity building of researchers and professionals in low- and middle-income countries with evidence-based approaches across the tobacco control continuum, particularly with regard to gender-relevant strategies. We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a Career Development and Research Training Program (CDRTP) in tobacco control.

Methods: The CDRTP is organized into two modules: Module I is open to the public and provides an overview of tobacco control; Module II, consists of a one-year program with multi-mode sessions toward the development of a pilot research project.

Training Community Health Workers to promote breast cancer screening in Brazil.

Although it has been show that early detection through mammograms is the most effective way to reduce breast cancer mortality, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide with survival rates being even lower in low- and middle-income countries as compared to high-income countries. Despite the availability of breast cancer screening programs in Brazil through the public health system, some women do not participate in these programs due to structural and/or inter/intrapersonal barriers. The Community Health Worker (CHW) model is a promising approach to reach these women who have not been reached through other efforts.

Pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs and the impact on women.

Objective: To analyze the association between the pictorial graphic health warnings on cigarette packs and their impact on intention to quit smoking among women.

Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study among 265 women daily smokers in the State of Paraná in 2010. The sample size was calculated using cluster sampling.

Is there a role for community health workers in tobacco cessation programs? Perceptions of administrators and health care professionals.

Introduction: Studies have shown that with appropriate training, Community Health Workers (CHWs) can be actively involved in health promotion and disease prevention (including tobacco cessation). This study examined the perceptions of administrators and health care professionals regarding the actual and potential role(s) of CHWs in a tobacco cessation program (TCP) within a universal health care system.

Methods: This study was part of a larger exploratory, cross-sectional comprehensive assessment of the implementation of the TCP through the primary care public health system in 7 towns in the state of Paraná, Brazil.

[Prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among women in Paraná State, Brazil].

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and to describe the demographic profile of female smokers in Paraná State, Brazil. The study used a cross-sectional population-based design with cluster sampling (n = 2,153) of women 18 years or older in seven cities. Prevalence of smoking was 13.