High loading dose AmBisome is efficacious and well tolerated in the management of invasive fungal infection in hematology patients.

Despite improved supportive care, and the introduction of less toxic lipid-formulations of amphotericin B deoxycholate and other new antifungal agents the mortality from invasive fungal infection (IFI) in hematology patients remains high. New management strategies are therefore required to improve outcome.

Advances in the molecular and serological diagnosis of invasive fungal infection in haemato-oncology patients.

Current laboratory diagnostic methods for invasive fungal infection (IFI) in haemato-oncology patients are insensitive, resulting in late diagnosis and contributing to high mortality. In recent years, progress has been made in the development and evaluation of sensitive sero-diagnostic assays, including detection of genomic DNA sequences and fungal antigens, which aid in a rapid, early diagnosis of IFI. The sensitivity and specificity of the assays vary considerably between studies, highlighting the need to correlate serological results with conventional laboratory tests and clinical or radiological findings.

Impact of diagnostic markers on early antifungal therapy.

Purpose Of Review: The early treatment of invasive fungal infection is critical but is hampered by the non-specific nature of clinical and radiological signs and the insensitivity of current laboratory diagnostic methods. If mortality due to invasive fungal infection is to be reduced, new, preemptive therapeutic strategies, targeting those patients at highest risk, are required and these will depend on the development of rapid, sensitive diagnostic methods. Such methods have become available in the form of high-resolution computed tomography scanning and serological and molecular techniques and in this review the authors describe recent studies assessing the utility of these methods and consider their role in management strategies.

Erythroblast iron metabolism in sideroblastic and sideropenic states.

Iron appears to exert self-regulatory control over erythroblast iron uptake, iron storage and its incorporation into haem. It does this via iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) which bind reversibly to the iron responsive elements (IREs) on the mRNA of transferrin receptor (TfR), erythroid 5-aminolaevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S2) and ferritin. Iron deficiency leads to the binding of IRP to IRE.