Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth's largest eagles.

Apex predators are threatened globally, and their local extinctions are often driven by failures in sustaining prey acquisition under contexts of severe prey scarcity. The harpy eagle Harpia harpyja is Earth's largest eagle and the apex aerial predator of Amazonian forests, but no previous study has examined the impact of forest loss on their feeding ecology. We monitored 16 active harpy eagle nests embedded within landscapes that had experienced 0 to 85% of forest loss, and identified 306 captured prey items.

Phase I trial of gemcitabine, administered as a standard and constant dose-rate infusion, in combination with paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors (LOA-2).

The major purposes of this study were to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), toxicity profile, and antitumor activity of gemcitabine and paclitaxel combination therapy when administered to patients with advanced solid tumors, using two infusion schedules of each agent. Paclitaxel was administered on day 1, followed by gemcitabine, and gemcitabine alone was administered on day 8, of each 21-day treatment course. In the initial phase of the trial, paclitaxel was administered during 3 hours and gemcitabine during 30 minutes (schedule A).

A Phase II trial of topotecan and gemcitabine in patients with previously treated, advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

Background: Multiple trials have been performed to evaluate second-line clinical chemotherapy in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, no single agent or combination has demonstrated superior activity.

Methods: Patients with advanced NSCLC who had already received one chemotherapeutic regimen were treated with topotecan (0.

A phase I-II trial of topotecan and gemcitabine in patients with previously treated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LOA-3).

The purposes of this study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), toxicity profile, and antitumor activity of topotecan (TOP) and gemcitabine (GEM) combination therapy when administered to patients with previously treated, advanced, non-small cell lung cancer. Both compounds were administered intravenously over 30 min, with TOP on days 1-5 and GEM on days 1 and 5 only. Nineteen patients were treated with 75 courses at three dose levels.

A phase I trial of gemcitabine and infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with refractory solid tumors: Louisiana Oncology Associates protocol no. 1 (LOA-1).

The major purposes of this study were to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), toxicity profile, and antitumor activity of gemcitabine (GEM) (Gemzar) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combination therapy when administered to patients with advanced solid tumors. GEM was administered intravenously over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15, and 5-FU was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion from day 1 through day 15 of each 28-day treatment course. Seventeen patients (13 men and 4 women, median age 57, all previously treated with chemotherapy) were treated with 68 courses at 3 dose levels: 800/200, 1,000/200, and 1,000/300 [GEM (mg/m2/week)/ 5-FU (mg/m2/day)].