Time series analysis of water use and indirect reuse within a HUC-4 basin (Wabash) over a nine year period.

Anthropogenic water use and reuse represent major components of the water cycle. In the context of climate change, water reuse and recycling are considered necessary components for an integrated water management approach. Unplanned, or de facto, indirect water reuse occurs in most of the U.

Persistence of three bisphenols and other trace organics of concern in anaerobic sludge under methanogenic conditions.

The degradation and distribution of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were evaluated in dilute anaerobic sludge slurries amended with a single bisphenol or a mixture of all three and maintained under methanogenic conditions over a 28-d period. No significant degradation of the bisphenols was observed in methane-generating microcosms. Rapid sorption to sludge particles was the primary removal process with sorption observed: BPAF > BPA > BPS.

Impacts of molybdenum-, nickel-, and lithium- oxide nanomaterials on soil activity and microbial community structure.

The nano forms of the metals molybdenum oxide (MoO), nickel oxide (NiO) and lithium oxide (LiO) are finding wide application in advanced technologies including batteries and fuel cells. We evaluated soil responses to nanoMoO, nanoNiO, and nanoLiO as some environmental release of the materials, either directly or following the land application of biosolids, is expected. Using Drummer soil (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls), we evaluated the impacts of the three nanometals on soil gas (NO, CH, and CO) emissions, enzyme activities (β-glucosidase and urease), and microbial community structure (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal) in a 60 day microcosms incubation.

Influence of fullerene (C60) on soil bacterial communities: aqueous aggregate size and solvent co-introduction effects.

Fullerene C60 nanoparticles are being used in broad range of applications. It is important to assess their potential impacts in the environment. We evaluated the effects of C60 introduced as aqueous suspensions of nC60 aggregates of different particle size or via organic solvents on soils with different organic matter contents in this study.

The assessment of water use and reuse through reported data: A US case study.

Increasing demands for freshwater make it necessary to find innovative ways to extend the life of our water resources, and to manage them in a sustainable way. Indirect water reuse plays a role in meeting freshwater demands but there is limited documentation of it. There is a need to analyze its current status for water resources planning and conservation, and for understanding how it potentially impacts human health.

Microbial transformation of 8:2 fluorotelomer acrylate and methacrylate in aerobic soils.

Biotransformation of fluorotelomer (FT) compounds, such as 8:2 FT alcohol (FTOH) is now recognized to be a source of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as well as other perfluoroalkyl acids. In this study, microbially mediated hydrolysis of FT industrial intermediates 8:2 FT acrylate (8:2 FTAC) and 8:2 FT methacrylate (8:2 FTMAC) was evaluated in aerobic soils for up to 105d. At designated times, triplicate microcosms were sacrificed by sampling the headspace for volatile FTOHs followed by sequential extraction of soil for the parent monomers as well as transient and terminal degradation products.

Transformation of 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone in sediments under nitrate- and sulfate-reducing conditions.

The natural manure-borne hormones, 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), and estrone (E1), are routinely detected in surface water near agricultural land and wastewater treatment facilities. Once in the stream network, hormones may enter the sediment bed where they are subject to anaerobic conditions. This study focuses on the difference in anaerobic transformation rates and formation of metabolites from 17α-E2, 17β-E2, and E1 (applied at ∼3.

Aerobic biodegradation of 8:2 fluorotelomer stearate monoester and 8:2 fluorotelomer citrate triester in forest soil.

Aerobic biodegradation of 8:2 fluorotelomer stearate (FTS) and 8:2 fluorotelomer citrate triester (TBC) was evaluated in a forest soil in closed bottle microcosms. Loss of parent, production of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH), which is released along with stearic acid (SA) by microbial ester linkage, and subsequent metabolites from FTOH degradation were monitored for up to 7months. Soil microcosms were extracted with ethyl acetate followed by two heated 90/10 v/v acetonitrile/200mM NaOH extractions.

Response of soil microorganisms to As-produced and functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs).

The use of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in manufacturing and biomedical applications is increasing at a rapid rate; however data on the effects of a potential environmental release of the materials remain sparse. In this study, soils with either low or high organic matter contents as well as pure cultures of E. coli are challenged with either raw as-produced SWNTs (AP-SWNTs) or SWNTs functionalized with either polyethyleneglycol (PEG-SWNTs) or m-polyaminobenzene sulfonic acid (PABS-SWNTs).

The effects of silver nanoparticles on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos.

Nanoparticles are being used in many commercial applications. We describe the toxicity of two commercial silver (Ag) nanoparticle (NP) products, NanoAmor and Sigma on Pimephales promelas embryos. Embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of either sonicated or stirred NP solutions for 96 h.

Biotransformation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol in soil and by soil bacteria isolates.

The microbial transformation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) to perfluorocarboxylic acids, including the globally detected perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), has recently been confirmed to occur in mixed bacteria cultures, activated sludge, and soil. However, little is known to date about the microbes involved in the transformation. In the present study, the effect of three carrier solvents (ethanol, octanol, and 1,4-dioxane), which may serve as carbon sources, on the aerobic degradation rate of 8:2 FTOH and metabolite distribution was evaluated both in a clay loam soil and in two pure soil bacterial cultures.