Accuracy of ethnicity records at primary and secondary healthcare services in Waikato region, Aotearoa New Zealand.

Aims: Ethnicity is an important variable, and in Aotearoa New Zealand it is used to monitor population health needs, health services outcomes and to allocate resources. However, there is a history of undercounting Māori. The aim of this study was to compare national and primary care ethnicity data to self-reported ethnicity from a Kaupapa Māori research cohort in the Waikato region.

An innovative Indigenous-led model for integrated COVID-19 case management in Auckland, New Zealand: lessons from implementation.

In Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ), the Indigenous Māori population have been more severely impacted than non-Māori throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, and less well served by NZ's COVID-19 response. This case-study describes an innovative Indigenous-led service delivery model, which was designed and implemented to improve the case and contact management of Māori with COVID-19 in Auckland. We outline the context in which the conventional public health case and contact management was failing Māori and the factors which enabled Indigenous innovation and leadership.

The economic cost of Indigenous child health inequities in Aotearoa New Zealand-an updated analysis for 2003-2014.

Aims: This study estimates of the cost of Indigenous child health inequities in New Zealand.

Methods: Standard quantitative epidemiological and cost of illness methodologies were used within a Kaupapa Māori framework. Data for 2003-2014 on children under 15 years were obtained from government datasets.

Analysis of deprivation distribution in New Zealand by ethnicity, 1991-2013.

Aims: To compare the distribution of Māori and New Zealand (NZ) European populations in Aotearoa New Zealand by neighbourhood deprivation, for the five censuses between 1991 and 2013, and to identify changes in the distribution pattern over time.

Methods: Geographical meshblock data from the 1991-2013 New Zealand censuses, by NZDep Index deprivation score, and by prioritised ethnic group population, were combined to analyse ethnic population counts by deprivation decile and deprivation score. Trends over time were analysed.

Estimating the economic costs of Indigenous health inequities in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Objectives: Despite significant international interest in the economic impacts of health inequities, few studies have quantified the costs associated with unfair and preventable ethnic/racial health inequities. This Indigenous-led study is the first to investigate health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults in New Zealand (NZ) and estimate the economic costs associated with these differences.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Increases in Future AR Count and Size: Overview of the ARTMIP Tier 2 CMIP5/6 Experiment.

The Atmospheric River (AR) Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) is a community effort to systematically assess how the uncertainties from AR detectors (ARDTs) impact our scientific understanding of ARs. This study describes the ARTMIP Tier 2 experimental design and initial results using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phases 5 and 6 multi-model ensembles. We show that AR statistics from a given ARDT in CMIP5/6 historical simulations compare remarkably well with the MERRA-2 reanalysis.

Reducing inappropriate urine testing at Hutt Valley District Health Board using Choosing Wisely principles.

Aim: Unnecessary treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is a concern. Hutt Valley District Health Board sought to reduce clinically inappropriate urine culture requests through removal of urine dipsticks from wards and education of staff using Choosing Wisely principles. The purpose of this research is to quantitatively evaluate the success of these initiatives.

Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: a literature review and recommended definition.

Background: Eliminating indigenous and ethnic health inequities requires addressing the determinants of health inequities which includes institutionalised racism, and ensuring a health care system that delivers appropriate and equitable care. There is growing recognition of the importance of cultural competency and cultural safety at both individual health practitioner and organisational levels to achieve equitable health care. Some jurisdictions have included cultural competency in health professional licensing legislation, health professional accreditation standards, and pre-service and in-service training programmes.

What influences clinicians to choose wisely?

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of awareness-raising by the Choosing Wisely campaign in a New Zealand public hospital to reduce routine pre-operative testing and to determine what can be done to bring about change in clinician behaviour.

Methods: Short, semi-structured, one on-one interviews were conducted with 15 doctors of varying seniority from general surgery who were exposed to the campaign between August and October 2018. The interviews covered four general topics including background information, asking about awareness and effectiveness of Choosing Wisely campaign, exploring barriers to changing clinician behaviour around pre-operative testing and exploring potential interventions which may be useful to change behaviour.

Preventing Harm From Fluoroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures With a Risk-Based Analysis Approach.

Purpose: Fluoroscopically guided interventional (FGI) procedures often have lower complication rates compared with alternative surgical procedures, providing an option for patients with a high risk of perioperative mortality. Although severe radiation injuries are rare, patients receiving peak skin doses exceeding 3 Gy can suffer from radiation-induced tissue injuries, ranging from transient erythema to nonhealing wounds. As these iatrogenic injuries may manifest weeks to months postprocedure, proper diagnosis and timely medical intervention are less likely.

National palliative care capacities around the world: Results from the World Health Organization Noncommunicable Disease Country Capacity Survey.

Background: Previous estimates of global palliative care development have not been based on official country data.

Aim: The World Health Organization Noncommunicable Disease Country Capacity Survey of World Health Organization member state officials monitors countries' capacities for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. In 2015, for the first time, questions were included on a number of palliative care development metrics to generate baseline data for monitoring global palliative care development.

WarpIV: In Situ Visualization and Analysis of Ion Accelerator Simulations.

The generation of short pulses of ion beams through the interaction of an intense laser with a plasma sheath offers the possibility of compact and cheaper ion sources for many applications--from fast ignition and radiography of dense targets to hadron therapy and injection into conventional accelerators. To enable the efficient analysis of large-scale, high-fidelity particle accelerator simulations using the Warp simulation suite, the authors introduce the Warp In situ Visualization Toolkit (WarpIV). WarpIV integrates state-of-the-art in situ visualization and analysis using VisIt with Warp, supports management and control of complex in situ visualization and analysis workflows, and implements integrated analytics to facilitate query- and feature-based data analytics and efficient large-scale data analysis.

A systematic review of worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis.

To inform the WHO Global report on psoriasis, a new comprehensive worldwide systematic review of the epidemiology of psoriasis was undertaken. The aim of this study was to systematically review the worldwide literature regarding the epidemiology of psoriasis, including prevalence and incidence, in adults and in children. A search of 15 electronic medical databases was performed.

Intermittent dissipation at kinetic scales in collisionless plasma turbulence.

High resolution kinetic simulations of collisionless plasma driven by shear show the development of turbulence characterized by dynamic coherent sheetlike current density structures spanning a range of scales down to electron scales. We present evidence that these structures are sites for heating and dissipation, and that stronger current structures signify higher dissipation rates. Evidently, kinetic scale plasma, like magnetohydrodynamics, becomes intermittent due to current sheet formation, leading to the expectation that heating and dissipation in astrophysical and space plasmas may be highly nonuniform and patchy.

Policy approaches to address the social and environmental determinants of health inequity in Asia-pacific.

Asia Pacific is home to over 60% of the world's population and the fastest growing economies. Many of the leadership in the Asia Pacific region is becoming increasingly aware that improving the conditions for health would go a long way to sustaining economic prosperity in the region, as well as improving global and local health equity. There is no biological reason why males born in Cambodia can expect to live 23 years less than males born in Japan, or why females born in Tuvalu live 23 years shorter than females in New Zealand or why non-Indigenous Australian males live 12 years longer than Indigenous men.

Review article: freedom to lead a life we have reason to value? A spotlight on health inequity in the Asia Pacific region.

The Asia Pacific region is home to more than 60% of the world's population. Life expectancy at birth differs between countries by as much as 27 years. This article suggests that asymmetric economic growth, unplanned urbanization, marked environmental change, unequal improvements in daily living conditions, and the unequal distribution and access to quality health care have contributed to health inequities in the Asia Pacific region.

Patient-centered design of an information management module for a personally controlled health record.

Background: The development of health information technologies should be informed by iterative experiments in which qualitative and quantitative methodologies provide a deeper understanding of the abilities, needs, and goals of the target audience for a personal health application.

Objective: Our objective was to create an interface for parents of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity/disorder (ADHD) to enter disease-specific information to facilitate data entry with minimal task burden.

Methods: We developed an ADHD-specific personal health application to support data entry into a personally controlled health record (PCHR) using a three-step, iterative process: (1) a needs analysis by conducting focus groups with parents of children with ADHD and an heuristic evaluation of a prerelease version of a PCHR, (2) usability testing of an initial prototype personal health application following a "think aloud" protocol, (3) performance testing of a revised prototype, and (4) finalizing the design and functionality of the ADHD personal health application.