Adherence to First-Line Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy in the Context of Guideline Recommendations for US Patients With High-Risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) can reduce recurrence and delay progression among patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but is associated with a substantial emotional, physical, and social burden. This study evaluated the adequacy of first-line intravesical BCG treatment among high-risk NMIBC patients in the United States, including the subgroup with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder. Adults with high-risk NMIBC treated with BCG were selected from de-identified MarketScan® Commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid Databases (1/1/2010-2/28/2021).

An assessment of the direct and indirect costs of bladder cancer preceding and following a cystectomy: a real-world evidence study.

Introduction: To estimate the direct and indirect costs of bladder cancer prior to and following cystectomy in a U.S. sample of patients.

Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs in Patients with EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving First-Line Treatment in the United States: An Insurance Claims-Based Descriptive Analysis.

Background: An estimated 10-15% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases present with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (EGFRm). While EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) such as osimertinib have become first-line (1L) standard of care for these patients, limited chemotherapy use still occurs in real-world practice. Studies of healthcare resource use (HRU) and cost of care provide a means by which the value of various treatment regimens, healthcare efficiency, and disease burden can be assessed.

Attainment of early, deep prostate-specific antigen response in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: A comparison of patients initiated on apalutamide or enzalutamide.

Background: Deep prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, defined as a ≥90% decline in PSA (PSA90), is an important early response indicator for achieving radiographic progression-free and overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) treated with a next-generation androgen signaling inhibitor (ASI), such as apalutamide or enzalutamide. The objective of this study was to compare deep PSA response among patients with mCSPC newly initiated on apalutamide or enzalutamide.

Methods: Clinical data from 69 community urology practices in the United States were evaluated.

Early prostate-specific antigen response among Black and non-Black patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with apalutamide.

To assess reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels among Black and non-Black patients treated with apalutamide for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) or metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Patients were identified from electronic medical data. PSA reduction (≥50%, ≥90% or below 0.

Real-World Prostate-Specific Antigen Response and Treatment Adherence of Apalutamide in Patients With Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Objective: To describe prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and treatment adherence, overall and stratified by race, for patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) treated with apalutamide.

Methods: Electronic medical records representing 63 urology practices from the United States were used to conduct this study. Patients with ≥2 apalutamide prescription fills and ≥12 months of prior prostate cancer management were identified.

Medication adherence among patients with advanced prostate cancer using oral therapies.

In light of the extended overall survival and improved quality of life provided by advanced prostate cancer (PC) oral therapies, this study aimed to describe treatment adherence to advanced PC oral therapies and evaluate associated patient characteristics and subsequent healthcare resource utilization (HRU). Patients with advanced PC initiating apalutamide, enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate were identified from administrative data (October 1, 2014-September 30, 2019). Adherence and persistence at six months postinitiation were used to evaluate patient factors and HRU.

Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with inflammatory bowel disease among patients with chronic inflammatory diseases: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs; ankylosing spondylitis [AS], psoriatic arthritis [PsA], psoriasis [PsO], or rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) are associated with substantial economic burden. The relative increased costs among patients with CIDs and concomitant IBD compared to those without IBD is an important consideration when deciding on the clinical management of patient symptoms. Given the increasing use of novel agents for the treatment of CIDs, including those that may increase the risk of IBD in patients with CIDs, the objective of the study was to describe the incidence of IBD and to quantify healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs associated with IBD among patients with CIDs.

Health Care Resource Utilization and Costs Associated With Switching Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Purpose: Although biologics are effective in managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), many patients experience at least one biologic switch during treatment. A switch in biologic treatment can occur for medical or nonmedical reasons. Changes to treatment regimens, even in patients previously stable on therapy, can have clinical and cost implications.

Real-world incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with other chronic inflammatory diseases treated with interleukin-17a or phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors.

(1) To assess the real-world incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with or without other chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs), and (2) to understand whether IBD incidence differs in CID patients receiving interleukin-17a signaling antagonists (anti-IL-17a) or phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE4i) versus patients using a biologic not indicated for IBD or biologic-naïve patients. The MarketScan Research Databases (January 2010-July 2017) were used. A CID population was created from patients with ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Outcomes of infliximab dose escalation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Introduction: Dose escalation of infliximab in both primary and secondary nonresponders is widely reported; however, the usefulness of dose escalation has been disputed. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate trends in clinical efficacy following multiple infliximab dose escalations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Patients enrolled in a US RA registry were included if they initiated infliximab at 3 mg/kg every 8 weeks, received ≥ 1 infliximab dose escalation within 12 months of initiation, and had ≥ 1 visit following dose escalation.

Comparative analysis of US real-world dosing patterns and direct infusion-related costs for matched cohorts of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with infliximab or intravenous golimumab.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare treatment patterns and infusion-related health care resource expenditures for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients initiating golimumab for intravenous use (GLM-IV) and infliximab (IFX) therapy and to assess cost implications from the commercial perspective.

Methods: Adult RA patients with a new episode of GLM-IV or IFX treatment between Janu-ary 1, 2014 and March 31, 2016 were identified from MarketScan databases and evaluated for maintenance infusion intervals and related costs of treatment. IFX and GLM-IV patients were matched 1:1 on index medication treatment duration, gender, payer type, prior biologic use, and post-index methotrexate use.

Analysis of real-world treatment patterns in a matched rheumatology population that continued innovator infliximab therapy or switched to biosimilar infliximab.

Purpose: This study compared treatment patterns of Turkish patients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with innovator Remicade (infliximab [IFX]) and either continued IFX or switched to CT-P13.

Materials And Methods: Adult RA patients with ≥1 IFX claim were identified from the Turkish Ministry of Health database. Eligible patients initiated and continued IFX treatment (continuers cohort [CC]) or initiated IFX and switched to CT-P13 (switchers cohort [SC]) during the study period.

A descriptive analysis of real-world treatment patterns of innovator (Remicade) and biosimilar infliximab in an infliximab-naïve Turkish population.

Purpose: Biosimilar IFX (CT-P13) received marketing approval in Turkey for treatment of rheumatologic diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis. Population data on real-world treatment patterns of CT-P13 following marketing approval in European countries are largely unreported. This study examined the prescribing and medication utilization patterns of innovator infliximab (IFX) and CT-P13 in Turkey for patients with RA or IBD naïve to either IFX.

A real-world, multi-site, observational study of infusion time and treatment satisfaction with rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with intravenous golimumab or infliximab.

Objectives: To assess real-world infusion times for golimumab (GLM-IV) and infliximab (IFX) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and factors associated with treatment satisfaction.

Methods: An observational study assessed infusion time including: clinic visit duration, RA medication preparation and infusion time, and infusion process time. Satisfaction was assessed by a modified Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (patient) and study-specific questionnaires (patient and clinic personnel).

Satisfaction with Subcutaneous Golimumab and its Auto-Injector among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Inadequate Response to Adalimumab or Etanercept.

Background: Patient perceptions of treatment success, including satisfaction/preference, may complement clinical efficacy assessments.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate satisfaction with subcutaneous golimumab and its auto-injector in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate adalimumab/etanercept response.

Methods: In the multicenter, assessor-blinded GO-SAVE study, 433 patients with active RA (28-joint Disease Activity Score incorporating erythrocyte sedimentation rate [DAS28-ESR] ≥ 3.

Medication Adherence, Treatment Patterns, and Dose Reduction in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Receiving Abiraterone Acetate or Enzalutamide.

Background: The efficacy of and overall survival associated with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatments rely on patients' consistent adherence to the recommended dosage regimens.

Objectives: To evaluate treatment patterns and patient adherence to abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide therapy in real-world practice, and to examine the factors that may be associated with medication dose reduction in patients with metastatic CRPC.

Methods: Retrospective analyses were conducted using the Truven Health MarketScan research databases among patients with metastatic CRPC who initiated treatment with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide between October 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014 (index date).

Assessment of Real-World Central Nervous System Events in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer Using Abiraterone Acetate, Bicalutamide, Enzalutamide, or Chemotherapy.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) events are frequently reported among patients with advanced prostate cancer as a consequence of the treatments used in this patient population.

Objective: To assess the incidence of CNS events in patients with advanced prostate cancer who initiated treatment with abiraterone acetate, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, or chemotherapy.

Methods: The Truven Health MarketScan Research databases were used to retrospectively identify patients with prostate cancer who initiated treatment with abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, bicalutamide, or chemotherapy after September 1, 2012 (ie, the index date).

Shared decision-making for biologic treatment of autoimmune disease: influence on adherence, persistence, satisfaction, and health care costs.

Background: Shared decision-making (SDM), a process whereby physicians and patients collaborate to select interventions, is not well understood for biologic treatment of autoimmune conditions.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of adults initiating treatment for Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) or psoriatic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis (RA/PA). Survey data were linked to administrative claims for 6 months before (baseline) and after (follow-up) therapy initiation.

Assessment of Evidence-Based Standards in the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer in a Community Practice.

Introduction: Although the monitoring of patients with advanced prostate cancer is essential to optimize treatment, little is known about adherence to guidelines. In this study we compared testing practices at an integrated urology/radiation oncology group practice with evidence-based guidelines and best practices.

Methods: Electronic medical records up to December 2014 from the integrated urology/radiation oncology group practice were queried to identify patients who received androgen deprivation therapy and in whom advanced disease was staged as androgen deprivation therapy sensitive, subcastration resistant (incompletely defined probable castration resistant prostate cancer) or castration resistant after April 2011 and for 6 months or more.

Duration of Treatment in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Abiraterone Acetate or Enzalutamide.

Background: Abiraterone acetate (AA) and enzalutamide (ENZ) are oral therapies offering survival benefit to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Despite the availability of multiple treatment options for mCRPC, there is a lack of information on the effect that being initiated on AA or ENZ has on the combined prostate cancer treatment duration.

Objective: To compare the combined duration of prostate cancer treatments of patients initiated on AA with that of patients initiated on ENZ.

Prescribing Patterns of Oral Antineoplastic Therapies Observed in the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer Between 2012 and 2014: Results of an Oncology EMR Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine, using a US electronic medical records (EMR) database, the clinical characteristics and real-world treatment sequences in men with advanced prostate cancer who initiated treatment with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study evaluated adult male patients with a diagnosis of prostate cancer (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 185) in the EMR database between July 1, 2011, and March 31, 2014, who had initiated first-line treatment with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide between September 1, 2012, and March 31, 2014. The first record for a patient initiating abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide was the index date.

Cost per median overall survival month associated with abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide for treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Objective: To calculate costs per median overall survival (OS) month in chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA + P) or enzalutamide.

Methods: Median treatment duration and median OS data from published Phase 3 clinical trials and prescribing information were used to calculate costs per median OS month based on wholesale acquisition costs (WACs) for patients with mCRPC treated with AA + P or enzalutamide. Sensitivity analyses were performed to understand how variations in treatment duration and treatment-related monitoring recommendations influenced cost per median OS month.