Biomarkers of Intestinal Permeability Are Influenced by Diet in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis-An Exploratory Study.

The disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier leads to increased intestinal permeability (IP), allowing endotoxins and pathogens to enter the bloodstream contributing to chronic inflammation. Western diets are associated with increased IP, while diets rich in polyphenols, fiber, and omega-3 fats are linked to decreased IP. The relationship between diet, disease activity, and IP in ulcerative colitis (UC) is poorly understood.

Handgrip strength and risk of malnutrition are associated with an increased risk of hospitalizations in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Background: In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), frailty is independently associated with mortality and morbidity.

Objectives: This study aimed to extend this work to determine the association between the clinical frailty scale (CFS), handgrip strength (HGS), and malnutrition with IBD-related hospitalizations and surgeries.

Design: IBD patients ⩾18 years of age were prospectively enrolled from two ambulatory care clinics in Alberta, Canada.

Using a Patient-Completed Food Frequency Questionnaire to Determine Mediterranean Diet Score in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

To examine the level of agreement between a patient-completed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and assessment of usual intake by a registered dietitian (RD) to score adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD completed a short FFQ and were subsequently interviewed by an RD. A 12-item MedD score (MDS), adapted from the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), was calculated from the FFQ and RD assessments.

Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies a Functional Guild and Metabolite Cluster Mediating the Relationship between Mucosal Inflammation and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Ulcerative Colitis.

Diet influences the pathogenesis and clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The Mediterranean diet (MD) is linked to reductions in inflammatory biomarkers and alterations in microbial taxa and metabolites associated with health. We aimed to identify features of the gut microbiome that mediate the relationship between the MD and fecal calprotectin (FCP) in ulcerative colitis (UC).

Gastroenterologist and Patient Attitudes Toward Yoga as a Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Objectives: To identify irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients' attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control and intention to practice yoga and gastroenterologists' attitudes and current yoga recommendations for their patients with IBS.

Methods: Gastroenterologists and IBS patients completed online surveys including Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs. Among IBS patients, multiple linear regression determined the multivariate associations between TPB variables and intention to practice yoga while controlling for significant socio-demographic variables.

Nutrition and physical activity knowledge, attitudes, and practices of inpatient cirrhosis care providers.

Background: Hospitalization is a high-risk period for cirrhosis-associated sarcopenia and frailty. This study aimed to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns (KAP) of multidisciplinary cirrhosis providers about inhospital nutrition and physical activity care.

Methods: We conducted an online survey of cirrhosis care providers at a combination of 38 hospitals and healthcare centres in Alberta, Canada.

A randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent online stress reduction intervention in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Psychological stress negatively impacts inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcomes. Patients have prioritized access to online interventions; yet, the data on these have been limited by mixed in-person/online interventions, low adherence, and non-randomized controlled trial (RCT) design.

Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of and adherence to a 12-week online multicomponent stress reduction intervention in IBD.

The patient generated subjective global assessment short form is a useful screening tool to detect risk for malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: Malnutrition is a modifiable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. Nutrition risk screening is recommended in cirrhosis nutrition guidelines, but is not routinely completed in practice. The patient-generated subjective global assessment short form (PG-SGA SF) is a patient-completed screen that has potential to be a substitute for more time and resource intensive nutrition screens.

Crohn's disease therapeutic dietary intervention (CD-TDI): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Dietary patterns that might induce remission in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) are of interest to patients, but studies are limited in the published literature. We aim to explore the efficacy of the CD therapeutic dietary intervention (CD-TDI), a novel dietary approach developed from best practices and current evidence, to induce clinical and biomarker remission in adult patients with active CD.

Methods And Analysis: This study is a 13-week, multicentre, randomised controlled trial in patients with mild-to-moderate active CD at baseline.

The role of precision nutrition in the modulation of microbial composition and function in people with inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases, principally Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are multifactorial chronic conditions. Alterations in gut microbial patterns partly affect disease onset and severity. Moreover, the evolution of dietary patterns, and their effect on gut microbial behaviour, have been shown to play a crucial role in disease processes.

Using Patient Completed Screening Tools to Predict Risk of Malnutrition in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Malnutrition is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, malnutrition screening is not routinely performed. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with IBD and compare the accuracy of patient completed screens to a gold-standard malnutrition assessment tool: the dietitian-completed subjective global assessment (SGA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at 2 hospitals and 2 ambulatory care clinics in Alberta, Canada.

Evaluation of an integrated yoga program in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot study.

Background: The effects of integrated yoga programs on mental health outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have not been well explored. To explore the acceptability, implementation and effectiveness of an integrated eight-week yoga program plus aromatherapy massage in patients with IBD.

Methods: Nine participants with documented IBD were recruited from a gastroenterology clinic in Calgary, Alberta, Canada to participate in an integrated yoga program weekly for eight weeks with outcomes assessed at baseline and week 8.

Dietary patterns, food groups and nutrients in Crohn's disease: associations with gut and systemic inflammation.

This study examined associations between dietary intake and gut and systemic inflammation assessed by fecal calprotectin ≤ or > 100 μg/mg (FCP), C-reactive protein ≤ or > 5 mg/L (CRP) and serum cytokine profiles in Crohn's disease (CD) patients in clinical remission. A 3-month observational study was conducted at the University of Calgary in Calgary, Alberta, Canada between 2016 and 2018 in 66 outpatients with CD in clinical remission. FCP was obtained from stool samples at baseline and 3-months and serum CRP and serum cytokines were assessed at 3-months only (n = 41).

A Diversified Dietary Pattern Is Associated With a Balanced Gut Microbial Composition of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia/Shigella in Patients With Crohn's Disease in Remission.

Background And Aims: Crohn's disease [CD] is associated with alterations in gut microbial composition and function. The present controlled-intervention study investigated the relationship between patterns of dietary intake and baseline gut microbiota in CD patients in remission and examined the effects of a dietary intervention in patients consuming a non-diversified diet [NDD].

Methods: Forty outpatients with quiescent CD were recruited in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Yoga as a Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

The aim of this state-of-the-art narrative review is to evaluate the current evidence about the effectiveness of yoga as therapy for IBS and explore its potential mechanisms of action. The current literature suggests yoga is effective and safe and may target multiple mechanisms involved in treatment of IBS. Evidence from randomized controlled trials identified yoga as more effective compared to pharmacological treatment and equally effective as dietary interventions or moderate-intensity walking.

Dietary Patterns and Components in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): What Key Messages Can Health Care Providers Offer?

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising epidemic worldwide and will be the leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplant within the next decade. NAFLD is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Behaviors, such as a sedentary lifestyle and consuming a Western diet, have led to substantial challenges in managing NAFLD patients.

Nutrition Center of Excellence (COE) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Model and Rationale for Development.

Goals: The goal of this study was to develop a multi-disciplinary consensus of nutrition care priorities for implementation in an IBD nutrition center of excellence (COE).

Background: The role for nutrition care in inflammatory bowel disease is broad and encompasses multiple domains. Gaps exist in the published literature around best nutrition care practices in inflammatory bowel disease and highlight the need for an evidence based approach acceptable to patients, and generalizable to a wide inflammatory bowel disease population.

Indirect Calorimetry Performance Using a Handheld Device Compared to the Metabolic Cart in Outpatients with Cirrhosis.

Addressing malnutrition is important to improve health outcomes in outpatients with cirrhosis, yet assessing energy requirements in this population is challenging. Predictive equations of resting energy expenditure (REE) are thought to be unreliable, and traditional indirect calorimetry is expensive and infrequently available for clinical use. The accuracy of REE predictions using a MedGem handheld indirect calorimeter, the Harris Benedict Equation (HBE), the Mifflin St.

Malnutrition Impacts Health-Related Quality of Life in Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: To explore the influence of nourishment state measured by various nutrition assessment tools (NATs) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a pretransplant population with cirrhosis.

Methods: We collected demographic, nutrition assessment, and disease specific data on 81 patients. HRQoL was measured with the Short-Form 36 and divided into 8 subscales.

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Overall Dietary Intake and Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

The primary objective of this study was to explore the macro- and micro-nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Secondary objectives were to (a) compare the micronutrient intakes of CD patients with a representative sample of individuals, (b) describe the macro- and micronutrient intakes of male and female CD patients, and (c) describe Mediterranean diet scores (P-MDS) of male and female CD patients in remission that were recruited from an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinic in Calgary, AB. Consecutive patients with ileal and/or colonic CD in endoscopic remission were recruited for participation in this cross-sectional study.

Evaluation of a Patient Experience Tool in Dietetic Practice: Validation and Clinical Usage of the Assessment of Registered Dietitian Care Survey (ARCS).

The study aim was to evaluate a patient experience survey, the Assessment of Registered Dietitian Care Survey (ARCS), that is aligned with a nutrition counselling approach (NCA) and evidence-based chronic disease care for use in outpatient registered dietitian (RD) practice. Criterion and construct validity were examined using Pearson correlation coefficients and principal components analyses, respectively. Reliability was examined using Pearson correlations and Cronbach's α.

Survey of Nutrition Practice in Patients with Severe Sepsis among Canadian Registered Dietitians.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the opinions and reported nutrition practices of Canadian Registered Dietitians (RDs) with regard to feeding patients with severe sepsis.

Methods: In 2017, surveys were sent to 112 eligible Canadian RDs in 10 provinces who were practicing in an intensive care environment. The survey included embedded branching logic questions developed to address major facets of sepsis, critical illness, and nutrition.

Evaluating the Evidence on Sitting, Smoking, and Health: Is Sitting Really the New Smoking?

Sitting has frequently been equated with smoking, with some sources even suggesting that smoking is safer than sitting. This commentary highlights how sitting and smoking are not comparable. The most recent meta-analysis of sedentary behavior and health outcomes reported a hazard ratio of 1.

Walking and type 2 diabetes risk using CANRISK scores among older adults.

The objective of this study was to determine the association between pedometer-assessed steps and type 2 diabetes risk using the Public Health Agency of Canada-developed 16-item Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire (CANRISK) among a large population-based sample of older adults across Alberta, Canada. To achieve our study objective, adults without type 2 diabetes (N = 689) aged 55 years and older provided demographic data and CANRISK scores through computer-assisted telephone interviews between September and November 2012. Respondents also wore a step pedometer over 3 consecutive days to estimate average daily steps.