Cultural contributions to adults' self-rated mental health problems and strengths: 7 culture clusters, 28 societies, 16 906 adults.

Background: It is unknown how much variation in adult mental health problems is associated with differences between societal/cultural groups, over and above differences between individuals.

Methods: To test these relative contributions, a consortium of indigenous researchers collected Adult Self-Report (ASR) ratings from 16 906 18- to 59-year-olds in 28 societies that represented seven culture clusters identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study (e.g.

Associations of Parental Depression with Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Meta-Analyses of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Effects.

Objective: Meta-analyses were used to test associations of parental depression with child internalizing and externalizing problems, based on 107 cross-sectional and 127 longitudinal effects for 164,047 parent-child pairs in 112 studies published between 2009 and 2020.

Method: For each child, internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed with the same measure and source of data. Meta-analyses were conducted with random effects, multi-level Structural Equation Modeling with Bayesian estimation.

Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies.

Background: Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al.

The generalizability of empirically derived syndromes of collateral-reported elder psychopathology across 11 societies.

The purpose of this study was to test whether a syndrome model of elder psychopathology derived from collateral ratings, such as from spouses and adult children, in the United States would be generalizable in 11 other societies. Societies represented South America, Asia, and Europe. The Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL) was completed by collateral informants for 6141 60- to 102-year-olds.

Enhancing Patient-Provider Breastfeeding Conversations: Breastfeeding Intention and Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy among a Sample of Pregnant Women.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify which sociodemographic factors may be associated with breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding self-efficacy among pregnant women.

Methods: Pregnant women at a medical center in Alabama completed a cross-sectional survey. The Prenatal Rating of Efficacy in Preparation to Breastfeed Scale (PREP to BF) was used to assess prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Homemade infant formula recipes may contain harmful ingredients: a quantitative content analysis of blogs.

Objective: When breast-feeding is not possible, commercially made human milk substitute is recommended. Some consumers would prefer to make their own homemade infant formula (HIF) and may seek information on this practice from internet sources. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the content of blogs posting HIF recipes.

The generalizability of Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) syndromes of psychopathology across 20 societies.

Objectives: As the world population ages, psychiatrists will increasingly need instruments for measuring constructs of psychopathology that are generalizable to diverse elders. The study tested whether syndromes of co-occurring problems derived from self-ratings of psychopathology by US elders would fit self-ratings by elders in 19 other societies.

Methods/design: The Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) was completed by 12 826 adults who were 60 to 102 years old in 19 societies from North and South America, Asia, and Eastern, Northern, Southern, and Western Europe, plus the United States.

Nutrition Provider Isolation Is Related to Increased Preference for Enteral Nutrition-Support in Patients With Advanced Dementia.

Background: Current guidelines advise against using enteral nutrition (EN) support for patients with advanced dementia (AD) because of negative outcomes. However, research suggests that some registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) in acute-care settings still recommend EN for this patient population. The purpose of this study was to identify workplace characteristics that influence the EN recommendations of acute-care RDNs who care for patients with AD.

Practitioner Knowledge, Personal Values, and Work Setting Influence Registered Dietitians' Feeding Tube Recommendations for Patients With Advanced Dementia.

Background: Current guidelines discourage tube-feeding older adults with advanced dementia (AD), as this practice does not improve nutrition status or survival and decreases quality of life in these patients. Because registered dietitians (RDs) often provide feeding recommendations for patients with AD, this study aimed to identify factors that influenced RDs' feeding tube recommendations for older adults with AD.

Methods: A random sample of RDs who work with older adults in the United States completed a validated, electronic survey.

The Attitudes Toward Tube-Feeding in Advanced Dementia (ATT-FAD) Questionnaire: A Valid and Reliable Tool.

Registered Dietitians (RDs) should participate in interdisciplinary feeding discussions for patients with advanced dementia, but research on how RDs make such feeding recommendations is scarce. This study developed and validated a theory-based questionnaire to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of RDs regarding feeding tube use among older adults with advanced dementia. The instrument was drafted based on the Social Ecological Model, and face and content validity were established through an expert panel review.

The Prenatal Rating of Efficacy in Preparation to Breastfeed Scale: A New Measurement Instrument for Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-efficacy.

Background:: Breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding intention are two modifiable factors that influence rates of breastfeeding initiation.

Research Aims:: (1) To develop a scale to measure prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy, and (2) test its psychometric properties by determining the internal consistency and reliability, and (3) assess the relationships between prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding intention.

Methods:: Cross-sectional prospective one-group survey design was used.

Empirically derived dimensional syndromes of self-reported psychopathology: Cross-cultural comparisons of Portuguese and US elders.

Objective: As the world population ages, mental health professionals increasingly need empirically supported assessment instruments for older adult psychopathology. This study tested the degree to which syndromes derived from self-ratings of psychopathology by elders in the US would fit self-ratings by elders in Portugal.

Methods: The Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) was completed by 352 60- to 102-year-olds in Portuguese community and residential settings.

Development and evaluation of a social cognitive theory-based instrument to assess correlations for physical activity among people with spinal cord injury.

Background: People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are more susceptible to sedentary lifestyles because of the displacement of physical functioning and the copious barriers. Benefits of physical activity for people with SCI include physical fitness, functional capacity, social integration and psychological well-being.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a social cognitive theory-based instrument aimed to predict physical activity among people with SCI.

Social Ecological Perspectives of Tube-Feeding Older Adults with Advanced Dementia: A Systematic Literature Review.

Dementia is a progressive, debilitating disease that often results in weight loss, malnutrition, and dehydration. Feeding tubes are often prescribed; however, this practice can lead to complications. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the use of feeding tubes in elderly demented patients from a social ecological perspective.

Internalizing/Externalizing Problems: Review and Recommendations for Clinical and Research Applications.

Objective: More than 75,000 articles have been published on internalizing and externalizing problems. To advance clinical and research applications of internalizing/externalizing concepts and data, our objectives were as follows: to provide an overview of recent research on internalizing/externalizing problems assessed at ages 1½ to 18 years; to identify issues raised by methods for assessing such problems; and to develop recommendations for more precise, consistent, informative, and productive assessment of such problems.

Method: A total of 4,870 peer-reviewed articles published from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2014 were systematically reviewed and identified by the search terms "internalizing" or "externalizing," followed by detailed coding of 693 articles that reported use of measures meeting criteria for methodologically sound assessment of internalizing/externalizing problems.

College Students Must Overcome Barriers to Use Calorie Labels in Fast-Food Restaurants.

Objective: To explore predictors of intention of college students to use calorie labels on fast-food menus and differences in calories ordered after viewing calorie information.

Design: Quasi-experimental design. Participants selected a meal from a menu without calorie labels, selected a meal from the same menu with calorie labels, and completed a survey that assessed demographics, dietary habits, Theory of Planned Behavior constructs, and potential barriers to use of calorie labeling.

Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence and Correlates in a Worksite Wellness Program.

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among faculty and staff who participated in a university wellness program. In addition, this study identified common correlates of metabolic syndrome in the participating employee population. Knowledge of behaviors and characteristics of individuals with metabolic syndrome is essential when developing health promotion strategies for them.

Syndromes of collateral-reported psychopathology for ages 18-59 in 18 Societies.

The purpose was to advance research and clinical methodology for assessing psychopathology by testing the international generalizability of an 8-syndrome model derived from collateral ratings of adult behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems. Collateral informants rated 8,582 18-59-year-old residents of 18 societies on the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL). Confirmatory factor analyses tested the fit of the 8-syndrome model to ratings from each society.

Gender differences in college leisure time physical activity: application of the theory of planned behavior and integrated behavioral model.

Objective: National data consistently report that males participate in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) at higher rates than females. This study expanded previous research to examine gender differences in LTPA of college students using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by including 2 additional constructs, descriptive norm and self-efficacy, from the integrated behavioral model.

Participants: Participants were college students (N = 621) from a large public university in the southeastern United States.

Physical Activity and Social Cognitive Theory Outcomes of an Internet-Enhanced Physical Activity Intervention for African American Female College Students.

Background: African American women report low levels of physical activity (PA) and are disproportionately burdened by related chronic diseases. This pilot study tested a 6-month theory-based (Social Cognitive Theory, SCT) culturally-relevant website intervention to promote PA among African American female college students.

Materials And Methods: A single group pre-post test design (n=34) was used.

Mandating nutrient menu labeling in restaurants: potential public health benefits.

Rationale: Many Americans have replaced home-cooked meals with fast food and restaurants meals. This contributes to increased incidences of overweight and obesity. Implementing policies that require restaurants to disclose nutrition information has the potential to improve nutrition knowledge and food behaviors.

Evaluation of Clinical Decision Rules for Bone Mineral Density Testing among White Women.

Background. Osteoporosis is a devastating, insidious disease that causes skeletal fragility. Half of women will suffer osteoporotic fractures during their lifetimes.

Challenges and recommendations to enforcement of alcohol policies on college campuses: an administrator's perspective.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine challenges and recommendations (identified by college administrators) to enforcing alcohol policies implemented at colleges in the southeastern United States.

Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with 71 individuals at 21 institutions.

Results: Common challenges included inconsistent enforcement, mixed messages received by students, and students' attitudes toward alcohol use.